- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brasil.
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brasil.
Rev Col Bras Cir. 2022 Mar 21;49:e20223124. doi: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20223124. eCollection 2022.
The number of surgical procedures in the world is large and in Brazil it has been expressing a growth trend higher than the population growth. In this context, perioperative risk assessment safeguards the optimization of the outcomes sought by the procedures. For this evaluation, anamnesis and physical examination constitute an irreplaceable initial stage which may or may not be followed by complementary exams, interventions for clinical stabilization and application of risk estimation tools. The use of these tools can be very useful in order to obtain objective data for decision making by weighing surgical risk and benefit. Global and cardiovascular risk assessments are of greatest interest in the preoperative period, however information about their methods is scattered in the literature. Some tools such as the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA PS) and the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) are more widely known, while others are less known but can provide valuable information. Here, the main indices, scores and calculators that address general and cardiovascular perioperative risk were detailed.
全球的手术量庞大，在巴西，手术量的增长趋势高于人口增长趋势。在此背景下，围手术期风险评估可保障手术效果最优化。为此，病史采集和体格检查构成了不可或缺的初始阶段，该阶段可辅以补充检查、临床稳定干预措施以及风险评估工具的应用。这些工具的使用非常有用，可以为权衡手术风险和获益做出决策提供客观数据。在术前期间，对全身和心血管风险的评估最受关注，但关于其方法的信息在文献中较为分散。一些工具（如美国麻醉医师协会身体状况评分（ASA PS）和修订后的心脏风险指数（RCRI））更为人所知，而其他工具则鲜为人知，但也能提供有价值的信息。本文详细介绍了主要的围手术期全身和心血管风险的指标、评分和计算器。
