Roetner Jakob, Petry Janna, Niekamp Julia, Maschke Janina, Goecke Tamme W, Fasching Peter A, Beckmann Matthias W, Kornhuber Johannes, Kratz Oliver, Moll Gunther H, Eichler Anna
Kinder- und Jugendabteilung für Psychische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Deutschland.
Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Deutschland.
Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother. 2022 Sep;50(5):382-394. doi: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000866. Epub 2022 Mar 24.
Maternal stress, specifically maternal mental health problems, are considered risk factors for child development. The literature suggests that prenatal depressive symptoms as well as depressive symptoms are a widespread phenomenon during the further development of the child and have repeatedly been shown to have adverse effects on child mental health outcomes. The present study examined the longitudinal relationships between maternal depression (prenatal, postnatal, during childhood and adolescence) and child mental health from childhood to adolescence. Possible risk and protective factors were also considered. = 112 mothers were assessed for depressive symptoms via a questionnaire at four different timepoints (prenatal, T1; postnatal, T2; during childhood, T3; during adolescence, T4). Children's externalizing and internalizing symptoms (50.9 % girls) were assessed by their mothers both during childhood ( = 7.68, = 0.76 years) and during adolescence ( = 13.23, = 0.27 years). We evaluated the relationships between maternal depressive symptoms and children's externalizing/internalizing symptoms using multiple regression models and analyzed possible risk and protective factors using moderation analysis. Externalizing/Internalizing symptoms were not directly associated with maternal depressive symptoms, while associations between such symptoms and maladaptive behavior were found in adolescents. The socioeconomic status of families showed a different risk profile for prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms. The IQ of the children proved to be a risk factor for internalizing symptoms. Maternal depressive symptoms at any time during child development - in combination with further risk factors - have an impact on child mental health. The early identification of maternal symptoms followed by interventions to differentiate between prenatal and postnatal depression - especially in the context of socioeconomic status - are highly relevant for child development.
母亲压力，尤其是母亲的心理健康问题，被认为是儿童发育的风险因素。文献表明，产前抑郁症状以及抑郁症状在儿童的后续发育过程中是一种普遍现象，并且反复被证明会对儿童心理健康结果产生不利影响。本研究考察了母亲抑郁（产前、产后、童年期和青春期）与儿童从童年到青春期心理健康之间的纵向关系。还考虑了可能的风险和保护因素。112名母亲在四个不同时间点（产前，T1；产后，T2；童年期，T3；青春期，T4）通过问卷调查评估抑郁症状。母亲们在儿童期（平均年龄=7.68岁，标准差=0.76岁）和青春期（平均年龄=13.23岁，标准差=0.27岁）对孩子的外化和内化症状（女孩占50.9%）进行了评估。我们使用多元回归模型评估母亲抑郁症状与孩子外化/内化症状之间的关系，并使用调节分析来分析可能的风险和保护因素。外化/内化症状与母亲抑郁症状没有直接关联，而在青少年中发现了此类症状与适应不良行为之间的关联。家庭的社会经济地位对产前和产后抑郁症状显示出不同的风险特征。儿童的智商被证明是内化症状的一个风险因素。在儿童发育的任何阶段，母亲的抑郁症状——与其他风险因素相结合——都会对儿童心理健康产生影响。尽早识别母亲的症状，然后采取干预措施区分产前和产后抑郁——特别是在社会经济地位的背景下——对儿童发育至关重要。
