Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
Small. 2022 Sep;18(36):e2106569. doi: 10.1002/smll.202106569. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
The unique biological characteristics and promising clinical potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have galvanized EV applications for regenerative medicine. Recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication, naturally secreted EVs have the potential, as innate biotherapeutics, to promote tissue regeneration. Although EVs have emerged as novel therapeutic agents, challenges related to the clinical transition have led to further functionalization. In recent years, various engineering approaches such as preconditioning, drug loading, and surface modification have been developed to potentiate the therapeutic outcomes of EVs. Also, limitations of natural EVs have been addressed by the development of artificial EVs that offer advantages in terms of production yield and isolation methodologies. In this review, an updated overview of current techniques is provided for the functionalization of natural EVs and recent advances in artificial EVs, particularly in the scope of regenerative medicine.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 的独特生物学特性和有前途的临床潜力激发了 EV 在再生医学中的应用。作为细胞间通讯的重要介质，天然分泌的 EV 具有作为内源性生物治疗剂促进组织再生的潜力。尽管 EV 已成为新型治疗药物，但与临床转化相关的挑战导致了进一步的功能化。近年来，已经开发了各种工程方法，如预处理、药物加载和表面修饰，以增强 EV 的治疗效果。此外，通过开发人工 EV 来解决天然 EV 的局限性，人工 EV 在生产产量和分离方法方面具有优势。在这篇综述中，提供了对天然 EV 的功能化和人工 EV 的最新进展的最新概述，特别是在再生医学范围内。
