Straub Jeremy, Spradling Matthew
Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
Department of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, University of Michigan Flint, Flint, MI 48502, USA.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2022 Feb 23;12(3):59. doi: 10.3390/bs12030059.
Americans are pervasively exposed to social media, news, and online content. Some of this content is designed to be deliberately deceptive and manipulative. However, it is interspersed amongst other content from friends and family, advertising, and legitimate news. Filtering content violates key societal values of freedom of expression and inquiry. Taking no action, though, leaves users at the mercy of individuals and groups who seek to use both single articles and complex patterns of content to manipulate how Americans consume, act, work, and even think. Warning labels, which do not block content but instead aid the user in making informed consumption decisions, have been proposed as a potential solution to this dilemma. Ideally, they would respect the autonomy of users to determine what media they consume while combating intentional deception and manipulation through its identification to the user. This paper considers the perception of Americans regarding the use of warning labels to alert users to potentially deceptive content. It presents the results of a population representative national study and analysis of perceptions in terms of key demographics.
美国人广泛接触社交媒体、新闻和在线内容。其中一些内容旨在故意欺骗和操纵他人。然而，它夹杂在来自朋友和家人的其他内容、广告以及合法新闻之中。过滤内容违背了言论自由和探究等关键社会价值观。不过，不采取行动会让用户任由那些试图利用单篇文章和复杂内容模式来操纵美国人消费、行为、工作乃至思维方式的个人和团体摆布。警告标签不会屏蔽内容，而是帮助用户做出明智的消费决策，已被提议作为解决这一困境的潜在方案。理想情况下，它们会尊重用户自主决定消费何种媒体的权利，同时通过向用户识别出有意的欺骗和操纵行为来加以应对。本文探讨了美国人对使用警告标签以提醒用户注意潜在欺骗性内容的看法。它呈现了一项具有全国人口代表性的研究结果以及按关键人口统计特征进行的看法分析。
