Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomes among Twelve Sibling Species of the Genus Distant, 1908 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) and Phylogenetic Analysis.

The herbivorous leafhopper genus Distant, 1908 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae), a large genus of subfamily Cicadellinae, consists of 98 valid species worldwide and 88 species recorded in China. Some species of the genus are very similar in morphological characteristics, so they are difficult to identify accurately. In this study, 12 mitochondrial genomes of species with similar morphological characteristics were first obtained through high-throughput sequencing, which featured a typical circular molecule of 15,034-15,988 bp in length. The arrangement and orientation of 37 genes were identical to those of typical Cicadellidae mitogenomes. The phylogenetic relationship within the subfamily Cicadellinae was reconstructed using maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods based on three concatenated datasets. The topological structures of the six obtained phylogenetic trees were highly consistent. The results suggested that was recovered as a monophyletic group and emerged as a sister group with the monophyletic clade of , (part), and (part). The branches of the 12 newly sequenced species were clearly separated, with most nodes receiving strong support in all analyses. In addition, the key to the 12 species was provided to identify species according to morphological characteristics. This study further promotes research on the classification, genetics, evolution, and phylogeny of the genus and subfamily Cicadellinae.