Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil 09-01.5863, Ecuador.
Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad de las Américas, UDLA, Quito 170513, Ecuador.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Mar 6;14(3):196. doi: 10.3390/toxins14030196.
This study evaluated the fungal incidence through direct plating in Agar Dichloran Glycerol, and the presence of aflatoxins in maize samples from the Highlands and Coast of Ecuador by HPLC, investigating the influence of the temperature, altitude, water activity, and humidity of the collection regions on the maize samples' contamination using Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The overall kernel infection by fungi was usually lower in samples from the Highlands, and no aflatoxins or series were detected in the samples from this region. In the coastal samples, sp. were isolated from all samples, while the potentially aflatoxigenic contaminated about 80% of them. Aflatoxins were present in 50% of these samples, in ranges from 0.42 to 107.69 µg/kg. PCA was able to segregate the samples according to their collection region, and showed that the maximum and minimum temperatures are closely and positively related to the presence of . A highly positive relationship was also observed between the water activity of the sample and aflatoxin contamination. On the other hand, the altitude had a very strong-but negative-relationship with the variables studied. This study is relevant because data regarding fungi and aflatoxin occurrence, as well the main factor influencing the contamination of Ecuadoran maize, are scarce; it clearly shows that aflatoxins are a hazard present in maize from the Ecuadorian Coast but not the Highlands.
本研究通过直接在琼脂二氯甲烷甘油中进行平板培养来评估真菌发生率，并通过 HPLC 检测厄瓜多尔高地和沿海地区玉米样品中的黄曲霉毒素，利用主成分分析（PCA）研究温度、海拔、水活度和收集区域湿度对玉米样品污染的影响。真菌对谷物的整体感染通常在高地的样本中较低，且该地区的样本中未检测到黄曲霉毒素或系列。在沿海地区的样本中，所有样本均分离出 sp.，而潜在的产黄曲霉毒素的 约 80%的样本受到污染。这些样本中有 50%存在黄曲霉毒素，含量范围为 0.42 至 107.69 µg/kg。PCA 能够根据其收集区域对样本进行分类，结果表明最高温和最低温与 的存在密切正相关。样本的水活度与黄曲霉毒素污染之间也存在高度正相关。另一方面，海拔与所研究的变量之间存在很强的负相关。本研究具有相关性，因为有关真菌和黄曲霉毒素发生的以及影响厄瓜多尔玉米污染的主要因素的数据稀缺；研究结果明确表明，黄曲霉毒素是厄瓜多尔沿海地区玉米的危害因子，但在高地玉米中不存在。
