Kurjak A, Breyer B
Ultrasound Med Biol. 1986 Aug;12(8):611-21. doi: 10.1016/0301-5629(86)90182-1.
In many developing countries ultrasound services are either nonexistent or inadequate, although the diagnostic problems for which ultrasound is particularly suited are common in such countries. In view of this, the World Health Organization (WHO) has outlined the indications for diagnostic ultrasound together with the technical specifications for equipment. Where there are larger hospitals the basic ultrasound services should be complemented with the proposed general-purpose ultrasound scanner while at the level of major medical centres there will be need for a variety of special purpose ultrasonic units, e.g. for cardiac, intraluminal and interventional investigations. The usefulness of any ultrasound appliance depends to a great extent on the skill and experience of the operator. Therefore, WHO provides guidance on the training of general practitioner and expert sonographer that is necessary for proper implementations of this technology. In this review the authors discuss the various problems affecting the use of ultrasound in developing countries.
在许多发展中国家，尽管超声特别适合诊断的问题在这些国家很常见，但超声服务要么根本不存在，要么不足。有鉴于此，世界卫生组织（WHO）已概述了诊断超声的适应症以及设备的技术规格。在有较大医院的地方，基本的超声服务应以提议的通用超声扫描仪作为补充，而在主要医疗中心层面，将需要各种特殊用途的超声设备，例如用于心脏、腔内和介入检查的设备。任何超声设备的效用在很大程度上取决于操作人员的技能和经验。因此，WHO为全科医生和专家级超声检查医师的培训提供指导，这对于该技术的正确实施是必要的。在这篇综述中，作者讨论了影响发展中国家超声使用的各种问题。
