Mella Alberto, Mariano Filippo, Dolla Caterina, Gallo Ester, Manzione Ana Maria, Di Vico Maria Cristina, Cavallo Rossana, De Rosa Francesco Giuseppe, Costa Cristina, Biancone Luigi
Renal Transplant Center "A. Vercellone", Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplant Division, "Città Della Salute e Della Scienza" Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Biomedicines. 2022 Mar 18;10(3):701. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10030701.
Kidney transplanted patients are a unique population with intrinsic susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections, mainly (but not exclusively) due to continuous immunosuppression. In this setting, infectious episodes remain among the most important causes of death, with different risks according to the degree of immunosuppression, time after transplantation, type of infection, and patient conditions. Prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate therapy are the goals of infective management, taking into account that some specific characteristics of transplanted patients may cause a delay (the absence of fever or inflammatory symptoms, the negativity of serological tests commonly adopted for the general population, or the atypical anatomical presentation depending on the surgical site and graft implantation). This review considers the recent available findings of the most common viral and bacterial infection in kidney transplanted patients and explores risk factors and outcomes in septic evolution.
肾移植患者是一个特殊群体，由于持续免疫抑制，他们对病毒和细菌感染具有内在易感性，主要（但不限于）由此导致。在这种情况下，感染仍是最重要的死亡原因之一，根据免疫抑制程度、移植后时间、感染类型和患者状况，风险各不相同。预防、早期诊断和适当治疗是感染管理的目标，同时要考虑到移植患者的一些特殊特征可能导致诊断延迟（如无发热或炎症症状、普通人群常用的血清学检测结果为阴性，或根据手术部位和移植物植入情况出现非典型解剖表现）。本综述考虑了肾移植患者最常见的病毒和细菌感染的最新研究结果，并探讨了脓毒症进展中的危险因素和预后情况。
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