Husa Robyn A, Parrish Jared W, Johnson Heidi S
Alaska Mental Health Board, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Juneau, AK 99811, USA.
Section of Women's, Children's and Family Health, Division of Public Health, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Anchorage, AK 99503, USA.
Children (Basel). 2022 Mar 15;9(3):414. doi: 10.3390/children9030414.
Early developmental success and school readiness strongly influence future skill development, occupational opportunities, and health. Therefore, it is critical to identify and address early determinants of school readiness for supporting children's overall well-being and success. In this retrospective cohort study, we examined the effects of pre-birth household challenges, such as homelessness or experiences of intimate partner violence, on children's early school readiness. We linked data from the Alaska 2009-2011 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) to administrative and education records through 2019. Education records included kindergarten developmental scores, third grade reading assessments, and attendance records. Generalized linear models with Quasi-Poisson distributions for each outcome of interest examined the predictive value of pre-birth household challenges on the risks of not meeting school readiness expectations. We found that experiencing higher numbers of pre-birth household challenges was related to higher risk of the child not meeting developmental and reading proficiency and having chronic absenteeism. These results suggest that it is imperative support systems for pregnant persons and their families be introduced as soon as possible in pre-natal care routines to address current pre-birth household stressors and prevent future challenges. Such early prevention efforts are needed to ensure the best possible developmental start for children.
早期发育成功和入学准备情况对未来的技能发展、职业机会和健康有着重大影响。因此，识别并解决入学准备的早期决定因素对于支持儿童的整体幸福和成功至关重要。在这项回顾性队列研究中，我们考察了出生前家庭面临的挑战，如无家可归或亲密伴侣暴力经历，对儿童早期入学准备的影响。我们将阿拉斯加2009 - 2011年妊娠风险评估监测系统（PRAMS）的数据与截至2019年的行政和教育记录相链接。教育记录包括幼儿园发育得分、三年级阅读评估和出勤记录。针对每个感兴趣的结果，采用具有拟泊松分布的广义线性模型来检验出生前家庭挑战对未达到入学准备期望风险的预测价值。我们发现，出生前家庭面临的挑战越多，儿童未达到发育和阅读水平要求以及长期缺勤的风险就越高。这些结果表明，必须在产前护理程序中尽快为孕妇及其家庭引入支持系统，以应对当前出生前的家庭压力源并预防未来的挑战。需要尽早开展此类预防工作，以确保儿童获得尽可能好的发育开端。
