Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 16;23(6):3191. doi: 10.3390/ijms23063191.
Crested wheatgrass (), a wild relative of wheat, is an attractive source of genes and alleles for their improvement. Its wider use is hampered by limited knowledge of its complex genome. In this work, individual chromosomes were purified by flow sorting, and DNA shotgun sequencing was performed. The annotation of chromosome-specific sequences characterized the DNA-repeat content and led to the identification of genic sequences. Among them, genic sequences homologous to genes conferring plant disease resistance and involved in plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress were identified. Genes belonging to the important groups for breeders involved in different functional categories were found. The analysis of the DNA-repeat content identified a new LTR element, , which is enriched in centromeric regions. The colocalization of the element with the centromeric histone H3 variant CENH3 suggested its functional role in the grass centromere. Finally, 159 polymorphic simple-sequence-repeat (SSR) markers were identified, with 72 of them being chromosome- or chromosome-arm-specific, 16 mapping to more than one chromosome, and 71 mapping to all the chromosomes. The markers were used to characterize orthologous relationships between and common wheat that will facilitate the introgression breeding of wheat using .
偃麦草（）是小麦的野生近缘种，是改良其基因和等位基因的理想来源。但由于对其复杂基因组的了解有限，其应用受到限制。在这项工作中，我们通过流式分选纯化了单个染色体，并进行了 DNA 随机测序。染色体特异性序列的注释描述了 DNA 重复序列的含量，并鉴定了基因序列。其中，鉴定出了与赋予植物抗病性和参与植物对生物和非生物胁迫耐受性相关的基因序列。还发现了与不同功能类别相关的、对育种者很重要的基因群。DNA 重复序列含量的分析鉴定出了一个新的 LTR 元件，该元件在着丝粒区域富集。该元件与着丝粒组蛋白 H3 变体 CENH3 的共定位表明其在草类着丝粒中的功能作用。最后，鉴定出了 159 个多态性简单重复序列（SSR）标记，其中 72 个标记是染色体或染色体臂特异性的，16 个标记定位到多个染色体上，71 个标记定位到所有 7 条染色体上。这些标记可用于描述 和普通小麦之间的同源关系，这将有助于利用 进行小麦的渐渗育种。
