Department of Economics and INARBE, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Edificio Los Madroños, Campus de Arrosadia, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 14;19(6):3397. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063397.
This article analyzes the evolution of inequality in mean male height in central Spain considering the generations born from 1837 to 1915, measured in the drafts from 1858 to 1936 ( = 53,503). Mean adult height reflects a crude indicator of net nutritional status, a proxy for currently known measures of stunting and wasting. The results reveal a cycle of stagnation and decline in average height at the age of 21 for those born from the 1850s to the 1870s and a subsequent positive secular trend to exceed baseline levels. The coefficient of variation shows how inequality in height followed an opposite pattern, with an increase in the mid-nineteenth century and a subsequent decline, with an overall decline. The great migratory wave towards Latin America (1880-1930) barely affected the area studied here. The available evidence on the occupations and educational level of the recruits reveals a ranking in average height related to family background and personal income, educational level and literacy, propinquity to food and ownership and/or management of land. Therefore, socioeconomic status largely predicted adult height in Spanish men during the period. Reducing absolute poverty and increasing access to education remain cornerstones to reducing malnutrition, even in the current world.
本文分析了西班牙中部男性平均身高不平等的演变，考虑了 1837 年至 1915 年出生的几代人，这些数据是在 1858 年至 1936 年的 draft 中测量的（=53503）。成年平均身高反映了净营养状况的粗略指标，是目前已知的发育迟缓症和消瘦症指标的替代指标。结果显示，19 世纪 50 年代至 70 年代出生的人在 21 岁时的平均身高经历了一个停滞和下降的周期，随后出现了超过基线水平的正长期趋势。变异系数表明，身高不平等的模式相反，在 19 世纪中期增加，随后下降，总体呈下降趋势。1880 年至 1930 年向拉丁美洲的大规模移民浪潮对本研究区域几乎没有影响。关于新兵职业和教育水平的现有证据表明，平均身高与家庭背景和个人收入、教育水平和文化程度、接近食物以及土地的所有权和/或管理有关。因此，社会经济地位在很大程度上预测了该时期西班牙男性的成年身高。减少绝对贫困和增加教育机会仍然是减少营养不良的基石，即使在当前的世界也是如此。
