Faculty of Economics and Business, University de Extremadura, Avda. Elvas s/n, 06010 Badajoz, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 23;18(9):4483. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094483.
This article studies the evolution of nutritional inequality, measured through the male adult height, in one of the poorest regions of Spain, in southwestern Europe: Extremadura. With a wide sample of statures of recruits born between 1855 and 1979, conscripted between 1876 and 2000, the research delves into the urban-rural height gap using coefficients of variation, tests of equality of means and proxy variables of a socioeconomic nature. The results of the analysis reveal that the strong anthropometric growth that Extremadura experienced since the last decades of the 19th century was accompanied by a less internal inequality. The lower heterogeneity did not eliminate, however, the urban-rural height gap during the period under study. In this sense, despite the absence of environmental differences between urban and rural areas in Extremadura, there was a clear rural height penalty in the region from the mid-19th century to the late 20th century. Rural punishment was fundamentally related to the greater presence of agrarian workers and the lower presence of wealthy families in villages and small towns. On the contrary, educational differences or differences in terms of nutritional health were not as decisive in the rural height penalization, at least when such differences are measured with the sources of military recruitment.
本文研究了营养不平等的演变，以西班牙西南部最贫穷的地区之一埃斯特雷马杜拉的成年男性身高作为衡量标准。该研究利用 1855 年至 1979 年期间出生、1876 年至 2000 年期间应征入伍的新兵身高的广泛样本，通过变异系数、均值相等检验以及社会经济性质的代理变量，深入研究了城乡身高差距。分析结果表明，埃斯特雷马杜拉自 19 世纪末以来经历的强烈人体生长增长伴随着较低的内部不平等。然而，在研究期间，这种较低的异质性并没有消除城乡身高差距。从这个意义上说，尽管埃斯特雷马杜拉的城乡地区在环境方面没有差异，但从 19 世纪中叶到 20 世纪后期，该地区明显存在农村身高惩罚现象。农村惩罚主要与农业工人的大量存在以及农村和小镇上富裕家庭的较少存在有关。相反，教育差异或营养健康方面的差异在农村身高惩罚中并不那么决定性，至少当用兵役招募来源来衡量这些差异时是这样。
