CareVid™中的主要化合物对HIV-1整合酶的抑制作用:一种抗HIV多草药疗法。
HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitory Effects of Major Compounds Present in CareVid™: An Anti-HIV Multi-Herbal Remedy.
作者信息
Rotich Winnie, Mas-Claret Eduard, Sadgrove Nicholas, Guantai Anastasia, Padilla-González Guillermo F, Langat Moses K
机构信息
Department of Pharmacy, Sigowet-Soin Sub-County Hospital, Kericho County, P.O. Box 112, Kericho 20200, Kenya.
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Kew Green, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK.
出版信息
Life (Basel). 2022 Mar 12;12(3):417. doi: 10.3390/life12030417.
In our continued study on the anti-HIV activity of compounds present in CareVid, we report the HIV-1 integrase ((HIV-1 IN) inhibitory effects of pellitorine (), oleuropein (), magnoflorine (), crotepoxide (), -kaurane-16β,17-diol (), crotocorylifuran (), lupeol (), betulin (), and ellagic acid () in an in vitro enzyme assay, and in an in silico study. Ellagic acid, pellitorine, lupeol, and betulin showed an in vitro percentage inhibition against HIV-1 IN of 21.1%, 19.0%, 18.5%, and 16.8%, respectively, at a standard concentration of 25 μg/mL. However, from a pharmacokinetic perspective, ellagic acid has poor bioavailability, due to rapid elimination in metabolism in the gut microbiome. It was postulated that known gut catabolites of ellagic acid, urolithin A () and urolithin B () could be more promising candidates in exploring the anti-HIV activity of ellagic acid-rich medicinal species consumed orally. On the contrary, urolithin A and urolithin B demonstrated lower activity with comparison to ellagic acid. The binding affinity of compounds -, urolithin A, and urolithin B against the catalytic domain of HIV-1 IN was also explored by in silico methods. Docking studies showed oleuropein as the best candidate, with a predicted energy of binding of ΔG -5.81 kcal/mol, while ellagic acid showed moderate predicted inhibition (ΔG -4.38 kcal/mol) caused by the interaction between the carbonyl and the key Mg ion in the active site.
在我们对CareVid中化合物抗HIV活性的持续研究中,我们报告了在体外酶分析和计算机模拟研究中,哌立亭、橄榄苦苷、木兰碱、巴豆环氧素、贝壳杉烷-16β,17-二醇、巴豆呋喃、羽扇豆醇、桦木醇和鞣花酸对HIV-1整合酶(HIV-1 IN)的抑制作用。在25μg/mL的标准浓度下,鞣花酸、哌立亭、羽扇豆醇和桦木醇对HIV-1 IN的体外抑制率分别为21.1%、19.0%、18.5%和16.8%。然而,从药代动力学角度来看,鞣花酸的生物利用度较差,因为它在肠道微生物群的代谢中会迅速消除。据推测,鞣花酸已知的肠道代谢产物尿石素A和尿石素B可能是探索口服富含鞣花酸的药用植物抗HIV活性更有前景的候选物。相反,与鞣花酸相比,尿石素A和尿石素B的活性较低。还通过计算机模拟方法探索了化合物、尿石素A和尿石素B对HIV-1 IN催化结构域的结合亲和力。对接研究表明,橄榄苦苷是最佳候选物,预测结合能为ΔG -5.81 kcal/mol,而鞣花酸由于其羰基与活性位点中的关键镁离子之间的相互作用,显示出中等程度的预测抑制作用(ΔG -4.38 kcal/mol)。