Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2022 Apr;48:148-157. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.01.022. Epub 2022 Jan 26.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important life-threatening metabolic diseases of the 21st century. The use of complementary and alternative medicine in diabetic patients seems to be increasing. Saffron, a valuable herbal medicine, has several pharmacological properties such as anti-oxidant effect, which can play important role in ameliorating the complications of diabetes. The aim of this study was to systematically review the therapeutic effects of saffron and its bioactive components on oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus.
In this systematic review, databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, ProQuest, and Web of Sciences were searched from the beginning to December 2021. All eligible in vitro, animal, and human studies that examined the effect of saffron on oxidative stress indices in diabetes were prepared in the form of a full article in English.
In the end, only 31of the 389 articles met the criteria for analysis. Of the 31 articles, 4 were in-vitro studies, 25 were animal studies, and 2 were clinical trials studies. Saffron supplementation may activate insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), which can improve hyperglycemia and insulin transduction signal in adipose tissue, and regulate glucose metabolism, leading to an increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), HO-1 expression, amelioration of mitochondrial function, and an increased levels of antioxidant enzymes.
Most studies have shown that saffron supplementation significantly enhanced the production and activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased oxidative stress indices in diabetes mellitus. However, human pharmacokinetic and more accurate clinical trial studies are needed to determine dose ranges and the exact mechanisms of action of saffron and its active components in diabetes.
糖尿病是 21 世纪最重要的危及生命的代谢疾病之一。在糖尿病患者中，补充和替代医学的应用似乎在增加。藏红花作为一种有价值的草药，具有多种药理学特性，如抗氧化作用，这在改善糖尿病并发症方面可能发挥重要作用。本研究的目的是系统评价藏红花及其生物活性成分对糖尿病氧化应激的治疗作用。
在这项系统评价中，检索了 PubMed、SCOPUS、Embase、ProQuest 和 Web of Sciences 等数据库，检索时间从开始到 2021 年 12 月。所有符合条件的体外、动物和人类研究均以英文全文形式准备，以检查藏红花对糖尿病氧化应激指标的影响。
最终，只有 389 篇文章中的 31 篇符合分析标准。在这 31 篇文章中，有 4 篇是体外研究，25 篇是动物研究，2 篇是临床试验研究。藏红花补充剂可能会激活胰岛素受体底物 1（IRS1）和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPAR-γ），从而改善脂肪组织中的高血糖和胰岛素转导信号，并调节葡萄糖代谢，导致核因子红细胞 2 相关因子 2（Nrf2）、HO-1 表达增加，线粒体功能改善，抗氧化酶水平升高。
大多数研究表明，藏红花补充剂显著增强了抗氧化酶的产生和活性，并降低了糖尿病患者的氧化应激指标。然而，需要进行人体药代动力学和更准确的临床试验研究，以确定藏红花及其活性成分在糖尿病中的剂量范围和确切作用机制。
