Karpov P, Piazza F
Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, Dresden 01187, Germany.
Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Theresienstr. 37, Munich 80333, Germany.
Phys Rev Lett. 2022 Mar 11;128(10):103201. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.103201.
Multimode optical cavities can be used to implement interatomic interactions which are highly tunable in strength and range. For bosonic atoms trapped in an optical lattice we show that, for any finite range of the cavity-mediated interaction, quantum self-bound droplets dominate the ground state phase diagram. Their size and in turn density is not externally fixed but rather emerges from the competition between local repulsion and finite-range cavity-mediated attraction. We identify two different regimes of the phase diagram. In the strongly glued regime, the interaction range exceeds the droplet size and the physics resembles the one of the standard Bose-Hubbard model in a (self-consistent) external potential, where in the phase diagram two incompressible droplet phases with different filling are separated by one with a superfluid core. In the opposite weakly glued regime, we find instead direct first order transitions between the two incompressible phases, as well as pronounced metastability. The cavity field leaking out of the mirrors can be measured to distinguish between the various types of droplets.
多模光学腔可用于实现强度和范围高度可调的原子间相互作用。对于被困在光学晶格中的玻色子原子，我们表明，对于腔介导相互作用的任何有限范围，量子自束缚液滴主导基态相图。它们的大小以及相应的密度并非由外部固定，而是源于局部排斥和有限范围的腔介导吸引之间的竞争。我们确定了相图的两种不同状态。在强凝聚状态下，相互作用范围超过液滴大小，其物理性质类似于处于（自洽）外部势中的标准玻色 - 哈伯德模型，在相图中，两个具有不同填充的不可压缩液滴相被一个具有超流核心的相分隔。在相反的弱凝聚状态下，我们发现两个不可压缩相之间存在直接的一级相变以及明显的亚稳性。可以通过测量从镜子泄漏出的腔场来区分各种类型的液滴。
