Hu Juncheng, Wang Hongcheng, Chen Guihua, Zhang Qingmao
School of Electrical Engineering and Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China.
School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 30;15(1):3737. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-87088-3.
A theoretical framework is presented to investigate the stability of novel two-dimensional quantum droplets within zeroth-order Bessel lattices. The evolution of quantum droplets is studied by the Gross-Pitaevskii equations with Lee-Huang-Yang corrections. The circular groove structure inherent in the zeroth-order Bessel lattice potential facilitates the formation of distinct configurations, including stable zero-vorticity annular quantum droplets and annular quantum droplets featuring embedded vorticity. The stability region of these quantum droplets is achieved through direct numerical simulations. It is found that the lower limit of the stability range for quantum droplets under this optical lattice remains unaffected by vorticity. Conversely, the upper limit exhibits a discernible dependence on vorticity. Subsequently, the study extends to the construction of stable composite states, manifesting as nested concentric multiring structures. Numerical results not only validate the feasibility of nesting vortical quantum droplets under the influence of a zeroth-order Bessel lattice potential but also establish that the vorticity of the smaller droplet within nested vortical quantum droplets does not surpass half of that observed in the larger droplet. Moreover, a comparative analysis highlights the enhanced stability of nested quantum droplets with varying vorticities when contrasted with their counterparts possessing identical vorticities.
提出了一个理论框架来研究零阶贝塞尔晶格中新型二维量子液滴的稳定性。通过带有李-黄-杨修正的格罗斯-皮塔耶夫斯基方程研究量子液滴的演化。零阶贝塞尔晶格势中固有的圆形凹槽结构有利于形成不同的构型，包括稳定的零涡度环形量子液滴和具有嵌入涡度的环形量子液滴。这些量子液滴的稳定区域通过直接数值模拟获得。研究发现，在此光学晶格下量子液滴稳定范围的下限不受涡度影响。相反，上限表现出对涡度的明显依赖性。随后，该研究扩展到稳定复合态的构建，表现为嵌套的同心多环结构。数值结果不仅验证了在零阶贝塞尔晶格势影响下嵌套涡旋量子液滴的可行性，还确定了嵌套涡旋量子液滴中较小液滴的涡度不超过较大液滴涡度的一半。此外，对比分析突出了具有不同涡度的嵌套量子液滴与其具有相同涡度的对应物相比具有更高的稳定性。
