Pacilio Costantino, Maselli Andrea, Fasano Margherita, Pani Paolo
Dipartimento di Fisica, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy.
Phys Rev Lett. 2022 Mar 11;128(10):101101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.101101.
Gravitational-wave measurements of the tidal deformability in neutron-star binary coalescences can be used to infer the still unknown equation of state (EOS) of dense matter above the nuclear saturation density. By employing a Bayesian-ranking test, we quantify the ability of current and future gravitational-wave observations to discriminate among families of nuclear-physics based EOS which differ in particle content and ab initio microscopic calculations. While the constraining power of GW170817 is limited, we show that even twenty coalescences detected by LIGO-Virgo at design sensitivity are not enough to discriminate between EOS with similar softness but distinct microphysics. However, just a single detection with a third-generation detector such as the Einstein Telescope or Cosmic Explorer will rule out several families of EOS with very strong statistical significance and can discriminate among models which feature similar softness, hence, constraining the properties of nuclear matter to unprecedented levels.
中子星双星合并中潮汐形变能力的引力波测量可用于推断核饱和密度以上致密物质仍未知的状态方程（EOS）。通过采用贝叶斯排序检验，我们量化了当前和未来引力波观测在基于核物理的不同EOS族之间进行区分的能力，这些EOS族在粒子含量和从头算微观计算方面存在差异。虽然GW170817的约束能力有限，但我们表明，即使LIGO-Virgo以设计灵敏度探测到二十次合并，也不足以区分具有相似柔软度但微观物理不同的EOS。然而，使用第三代探测器（如爱因斯坦望远镜或宇宙探测器）进行一次探测就将以非常强的统计显著性排除几个EOS族，并能够区分具有相似柔软度的模型，从而将核物质的性质约束到前所未有的水平。
