利用高级LIGO、高级处女座探测器和神冈引力波探测器观测和定位引力波瞬变事件的前景。
Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA.
作者信息
Abbott B P, Abbott R, Abbott T D, Abraham S, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adya V B, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar O D, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Akutsu T, Allen G, Allocca A, Aloy M A, Altin P A, Amato A, Ananyeva A, Anderson S B, Anderson W G, Ando M, Angelova S V, Antier S, Appert S, Arai K, Arai Koya, Arai Y, Araki S, Araya A, Araya M C, Areeda J S, Arène M, Aritomi N, Arnaud N, Arun K G, Ascenzi S, Ashton G, Aso Y, Aston S M, Astone P, Aubin F, Aufmuth P, AultONeal K, Austin C, Avendano V, Avila-Alvarez A, Babak S, Bacon P, Badaracco F, Bader M K M, Bae S W, Bae Y B, Baiotti L, Bajpai R, Baker P T, Baldaccini F, Ballardin G, Ballmer S W, Banagiri S, Barayoga J C, Barclay S E, Barish B C, Barker D, Barkett K, Barnum S, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Barton M A, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Bawaj M, Bayley J C, Bazzan M, Bécsy B, Bejger M, Belahcene I, Bell A S, Beniwal D, Berger B K, Bergmann G, Bernuzzi S, Bero J J, Berry C P L, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bhandare R, Bidler J, Bilenko I A, Bilgili S A, Billingsley G, Birch J, Birney R, Birnholtz O, Biscans S, Biscoveanu S, Bisht A, Bitossi M, Bizouard M A, Blackburn J K, Blair C D, Blair D G, Blair R M, Bloemen S, Bode N, Boer M, Boetzel Y, Bogaert G, Bondu F, Bonilla E, Bonnand R, Booker P, Boom B A, Booth C D, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Bossie K, Bossilkov V, Bosveld J, Bouffanais Y, Bozzi A, Bradaschia C, Brady P R, Bramley A, Branchesi M, Brau J E, Briant T, Briggs J H, Brighenti F, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Brockill P, Brooks A F, Brown D A, Brown D D, Brunett S, Buikema A, Bulik T, Bulten H J, Buonanno A, Buskulic D, Buy C, Byer R L, Cabero M, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Cahillane C, Bustillo J Calderón, Callister T A, Calloni E, Camp J B, Campbell W A, Canepa M, Cannon K, Cannon K C, Cao H, Cao J, Capocasa E, Carbognani F, Caride S, Carney M F, Carullo G, Diaz J Casanueva, Casentini C, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cerdá-Durán P, Cerretani G, Cesarini E, Chaibi O, Chakravarti K, Chamberlin S J, Chan M, Chan M L, Chao S, Charlton P, Chase E A, Chassande-Mottin E, Chatterjee D, Chaturvedi M, Chatziioannou K, Cheeseboro B D, Chen C S, Chen H Y, Chen K H, Chen X, Chen Y, Chen Y R, Cheng H-P, Cheong C K, Chia H Y, Chincarini A, Chiummo A, Cho G, Cho H S, Cho M, Christensen N, Chu H Y, Chu Q, Chu Y K, Chua S, Chung K W, Chung S, Ciani G, Ciobanu A A, Ciolfi R, Cipriano F, Cirone A, Clara F, Clark J A, Clearwater P, Cleva F, Cocchieri C, Coccia E, Cohadon P-F, Cohen D, Colgan R, Colleoni M, Collette C G, Collins C, Cominsky L R, Constancio M, Conti L, Cooper S J, Corban P, Corbitt T R, Cordero-Carrión I, Corley K R, Cornish N, Corsi A, Cortese S, Costa C A, Cotesta R, Coughlin M W, Coughlin S B, Coulon J-P, Countryman S T, Couvares P, Covas P B, Cowan E E, Coward D M, Cowart M J, Coyne D C, Coyne R, Creighton J D E, Creighton T D, Cripe J, Croquette M, Crowder S G, Cullen T J, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Canton T Dal, Dálya G, Danilishin S L, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Dasgupta A, Da Silva Costa C F, Datrier L E H, Dattilo V, Dave I, Davier M, Davis D, Daw E J, DeBra D, Deenadayalan M, Degallaix J, De Laurentis M, Deléglise S, Pozzo W Del, DeMarchi L M, Demos N, Dent T, De Pietri R, Derby J, De Rosa R, De Rossi C, DeSalvo R, de Varona O, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M C, Dietrich T, Fiore L Di, Giovanni M Di, Girolamo T Di, Lieto A Di, Ding B, Pace S Di, Palma I Di, Renzo F Di, Dmitriev A, Doctor Z, Doi K, Donovan F, Dooley K L, Doravari S, Dorrington I, Downes T P, Drago M, Driggers J C, Du Z, Ducoin J-G, Dupej P, Dwyer S E, Easter P J, Edo T B, Edwards M C, Effler A, Eguchi S, Ehrens P, Eichholz J, Eikenberry S S, Eisenmann M, Eisenstein R A, Enomoto Y, Essick R C, Estelles H, Estevez D, Etienne Z B, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T M, Fafone V, Fair H, Fairhurst S, Fan X, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr W M, Fauchon-Jones E J, Favata M, Fays M, Fazio M, Fee C, Feicht J, Fejer M M, Feng F, Fernandez-Galiana A, Ferrante I, Ferreira E C, Ferreira T A, Ferrini F, Fidecaro F, Fiori I, Fiorucci D, Fishbach M, Fisher R P, Fishner J M, Fitz-Axen M, Flaminio R, Fletcher M, Flynn E, Fong H, Font J A, Forsyth P W F, Fournier J-D, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Frey V, Fritschel P, Frolov V V, Fujii Y, Fukunaga M, Fukushima M, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gabbard H A, Gadre B U, Gaebel S M, Gair J R, Gammaitoni L, Ganija M R, Gaonkar S G, Garcia A, García-Quirós C, Garufi F, Gateley B, Gaudio S, Gaur G, Gayathri V, Ge G G, Gemme G, Genin E, Gennai A, George D, George J, Gergely L, Germain V, Ghonge S, Ghosh Abhirup, Ghosh Archisman, Ghosh S, Giacomazzo B, Giaime J A, Giardina K D, Giazotto A, Gill K, Giordano G, Glover L, Godwin P, Goetz E, Goetz R, Goncharov B, González G, Castro J M Gonzalez, Gopakumar A, Gorodetsky M L, Gossan S E, Gosselin M, Gouaty R, Grado A, Graef C, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Grassia P, Gray C, Gray R, Greco G, Green A C, Green R, Gretarsson E M, Groot P, Grote H, Grunewald S, Gruning P, Guidi G M, Gulati H K, Guo Y, Gupta A, Gupta M K, Gustafson E K, Gustafson R, Haegel L, Hagiwara A, Haino S, Halim O, Hall B R, Hall E D, Hamilton E Z, Hammond G, Haney M, Hanke M M, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam M D, Hannuksela O A, Hanson J, Hardwick T, Haris K, Harms J, Harry G M, Harry I W, Hasegawa K, Haster C-J, Haughian K, Hayakawa H, Hayama K, Hayes F J, Healy J, Heidmann A, Heintze M C, Heitmann H, Hello P, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng I S, Hennig J, Heptonstall A W, Heurs M, Hild S, Himemoto Y, Hinderer T, Hiranuma Y, Hirata N, Hirose E, Hoak D, Hochheim S, Hofman D, Holgado A M, Holland N A, Holt K, Holz D E, Hong Z, Hopkins P, Horst C, Hough J, Howell E J, Hoy C G, Hreibi A, Hsieh B H, Huang G Z, Huang P W, Huang Y J, Huerta E A, Huet D, Hughey B, Hulko M, Husa S, Huttner S H, Huynh-Dinh T, Idzkowski B, Iess A, Ikenoue B, Imam S, Inayoshi K, Ingram C, Inoue Y, Inta R, Intini G, Ioka K, Irwin B, Isa H N, Isac J-M, Isi M, Itoh Y, Iyer B R, Izumi K, Jacqmin T, Jadhav S J, Jani K, Janthalur N N, Jaranowski P, Jenkins A C, Jiang J, Johnson D S, Jones A W, Jones D I, Jones R, Jonker R J G, Ju L, Jung K, Jung P, Junker J, Kajita T, Kalaghatgi C V, Kalogera V, Kamai B, Kamiizumi M, Kanda N, Kandhasamy S, Kang G W, Kanner J B, Kapadia S J, Karki S, Karvinen K S, Kashyap R, Kasprzack M, Katsanevas S, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaufer S, Kawabe K, Kawaguchi K, Kawai N, Kawasaki T, Keerthana N V, Kéfélian F, Keitel D, Kennedy R, Key J S, Khalili F Y, Khan H, Khan I, Khan S, Khan Z, Khazanov E A, Khursheed M, Kijbunchoo N, Kim Chunglee, Kim C, Kim J C, Kim J, Kim K, Kim W, Kim W S, Kim Y-M, Kimball C, Kimura N, King E J, King P J, Kinley-Hanlon M, Kirchhoff R, Kissel J S, Kita N, Kitazawa H, Kleybolte L, Klika J H, Klimenko S, Knowles T D, Knyazev E, Koch P, Koehlenbeck S M, Koekoek G, Kojima Y, Kokeyama K, Koley S, Komori K, Kondrashov V, Kong A K H, Kontos A, Koper N, Korobko M, Korth W Z, Kotake K, Kowalska I, Kozak D B, Kozakai C, Kozu R, Kringel V, Krishnendu N, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kumar A, Kumar P, Kumar Rahul, Kumar R, Kumar S, Kume J, Kuo C M, Kuo H S, Kuo L, Kuroyanagi S, Kusayanagi K, Kutynia A, Kwak K, Kwang S, Lackey B D, Lai K H, Lam T L, Landry M, Lane B B, Lang R N, Lange J, Lantz B, Lanza R K, Lartaux-Vollard A, Lasky P D, Laxen M, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lecoeuche Y K, Lee C H, Lee H K, Lee H M, Lee H W, Lee J, Lee K, Lee R K, Lehmann J, Lenon A, Leonardi M, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Li J, Li K J L, Li T G F, Li X, Lin C Y, Lin F, Lin F L, Lin L C C, Linde F, Linker S D, Littenberg T B, Liu G C, Liu J, Liu X, Lo R K L, Lockerbie N A, London L T, Longo A, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough J D, Lousto C O, Lovelace G, Lower M E, Lück H, Lumaca D, Lundgren A P, Luo L W, Lynch R, Ma Y, Macas R, Macfoy S, MacInnis M, Macleod D M, Macquet A, Magaña-Sandoval F, Zertuche L Magaña, Magee R M, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Malik A, Man N, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mansell G L, Manske M, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marchio M, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Markakis C, Markosyan A S, Markowitz A, Maros E, Marquina A, Marsat S, Martelli F, Martin I W, Martin R M, Martynov D V, Mason K, Massera E, Masserot A, Massinger T J, Masso-Reid M, Mastrogiovanni S, Matas A, Matichard F, Matone L, Mavalvala N, Mazumder N, McCann J J, McCarthy R, McClelland D E, McCormick S, McCuller L, McGuire S C, McIver J, McManus D J, McRae T, McWilliams S T, Meacher D, Meadors G D, Mehmet M, Mehta A K, Meidam J, Melatos A, Mendell G, Mercer R A, Mereni L, Merilh E L, Merzougui M, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Messick C, Metzdorff R, Meyers P M, Miao H, Michel C, Michimura Y, Middleton H, Mikhailov E E, Milano L, Miller A L, Miller A, Millhouse M, Mills J C, Milovich-Goff M C, Minazzoli O, Minenkov Y, Mio N, Mishkin A, Mishra C, Mistry T, Mitra S, Mitrofanov V P, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Miyamoto A, Miyazaki Y, Miyo K, Miyoki S, Mo G, Moffa D, Mogushi K, Mohapatra S R P, Montani M, Moore C J, Moraru D, Moreno G, Morisaki S, Moriwaki Y, Mours B, Mow-Lowry C M, Mukherjee Arunava, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee S, Mukund N, Mullavey A, Munch J, Muñiz E A, Muratore M, Murray P G, Nagano K, Nagano S, Nagar A, Nakamura K, Nakano H, Nakano M, Nakashima R, Nardecchia I, Narikawa T, Naticchioni L, Nayak R K, Negishi R, Neilson J, Nelemans G, Nelson T J N, Nery M, Neunzert A, Ng K Y, Ng S, Nguyen P, Ni W T, Nichols D, Nishizawa A, Nissanke S, Nocera F, North C, Nuttall L K, Obergaulinger M, Oberling J, O'Brien B D, Obuchi Y, O'Dea G D, Ogaki W, Ogin G H, Oh J J, Oh S H, Ohashi M, Ohishi N, Ohkawa M, Ohme F, Ohta H, Okada M A, Okutomi K, Oliver M, Oohara K, Ooi C P, Oppermann P, Oram Richard J, O'Reilly B, Ormiston R G, Ortega L F, O'Shaughnessy R, Oshino S, Ossokine S, Ottaway D J, Overmier H, Owen B J, Pace A E, Pagano G, Page M A, Pai A, Pai S A, Palamos J R, Palashov O, Palomba C, Pal-Singh A, Pan Huang-Wei, Pan K C, Pang B, Pang H F, Pang P T H, Pankow C, Pannarale F, Pant B C, Paoletti F, Paoli A, Papa M A, Parida A, Park J, Parker W, Pascucci D, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Patil M, Patricelli B, Pearlstone B L, Pedersen C, Pedraza M, Pedurand R, Pele A, Arellano F E Peña, Penn S, Perez C J, Perreca A, Pfeiffer H P, Phelps M, Phukon K S, Piccinni O J, Pichot M, Piergiovanni F, Pillant G, Pinard L, Pinto I, Pirello M, Pitkin M, Poggiani R, Pong D Y T, Ponrathnam S, Popolizio P, Porter E K, Powell J, Prajapati A K, Prasad J, Prasai K, Prasanna R, Pratten G, Prestegard T, Privitera S, Prodi G A, Prokhorov L G, Puncken O, Punturo M, Puppo P, Pürrer M, Qi H, Quetschke V, Quinonez P J, Quintero E A, Quitzow-James R, Raab F J, Radkins H, Radulescu N, Raffai P, Raja S, Rajan C, Rajbhandari B, Rakhmanov M, Ramirez K E, Ramos-Buades A, Rana Javed, Rao K, Rapagnani P, Raymond V, Razzano M, Read J, Regimbau T, Rei L, Reid S, Reitze D H, Ren W, Ricci F, Richardson C J, Richardson J W, Ricker P M, Riles K, Rizzo M, Robertson N A, Robie R, Robinet F, Rocchi A, Rolland L, Rollins J G, Roma V J, Romanelli M, Romano R, Romel C L, Romie J H, Rose K, Rosińska D, Rosofsky S G, Ross M P, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruggi P, Rutins G, Ryan K, Sachdev S, Sadecki T, Sago N, Saito S, Saito Y, Sakai K, Sakai Y, Sakamoto H, Sakellariadou M, Sakuno Y, Salconi L, Saleem M, Samajdar A, Sammut L, Sanchez E J, Sanchez L E, Sanchis-Gual N, Sandberg V, Sanders J R, Santiago K A, Sarin N, Sassolas B, Sathyaprakash B S, Sato S, Sato T, Sauter O, Savage R L, Sawada T, Schale P, Scheel M, Scheuer J, Schmidt P, Schnabel R, Schofield R M S, Schönbeck A, Schreiber E, Schulte B W, Schutz B F, Schwalbe S G, Scott J, Scott S M, Seidel E, Sekiguchi T, Sekiguchi Y, Sellers D, Sengupta A S, Sennett N, Sentenac D, Sequino V, Sergeev A, Setyawati Y, Shaddock D A, Shaffer T, Shahriar M S, Shaner M B, Shao L, Sharma P, Shawhan P, Shen H, Shibagaki S, Shimizu R, Shimoda T, Shimode K, Shink R, Shinkai H, Shishido T, Shoda A, Shoemaker D H, Shoemaker D M, 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机构信息
LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
出版信息
Living Rev Relativ. 2020;23(1):3. doi: 10.1007/s41114-020-00026-9. Epub 2020 Sep 28.
We present our current best estimate of the plausible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next several years, with the intention of providing information to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals for the third (O3), fourth (O4) and fifth observing (O5) runs, including the planned upgrades of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. We study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source for gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary systems of compact objects, that is binary neutron star, neutron star-black hole, and binary black hole systems. The ability to localize the sources is given as a sky-area probability, luminosity distance, and comoving volume. The median sky localization area (90% credible region) is expected to be a few hundreds of square degrees for all types of binary systems during O3 with the Advanced LIGO and Virgo (HLV) network. The median sky localization area will improve to a few tens of square degrees during O4 with the Advanced LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA (HLVK) network. During O3, the median localization volume (90% credible region) is expected to be on the order of for binary neutron star, neutron star-black hole, and binary black hole systems, respectively. The localization volume in O4 is expected to be about a factor two smaller than in O3. We predict a detection count of ( ) for binary neutron star mergers, of ( ) for neutron star-black hole mergers, and ( ) for binary black hole mergers in a one-calendar-year observing run of the HLV network during O3 (HLVK network during O4). We evaluate sensitivity and localization expectations for unmodeled signal searches, including the search for intermediate mass black hole binary mergers.
我们给出了未来几年先进LIGO、先进处女座（Advanced Virgo）和神冈引力波探测器（KAGRA）可能的观测情景的当前最佳估计，目的是提供信息以促进引力波多信使天文学的规划。我们估计了该探测器网络在第三次（O3）、第四次（O4）和第五次观测运行（O5）期间对瞬态引力波信号的灵敏度，包括先进LIGO和先进处女座探测器的计划升级。我们研究了该探测器网络确定致密天体双星系统（即双中子星、中子星 - 黑洞和双黑洞系统）引力波信号源天空位置的能力。源定位能力以天空区域概率、光度距离和共动体积给出。对于O3期间先进LIGO和处女座（HLV）探测器网络的所有类型双星系统，天空定位区域的中位数（90%可信区域）预计为几百平方度。在O4期间，先进LIGO、处女座和神冈引力波探测器（HLVK）网络的天空定位区域中位数将改善到几十平方度。在O3期间，双中子星、中子星 - 黑洞和双黑洞系统的定位体积中位数（90%可信区域）预计分别约为 。O4期间的定位体积预计比O3小约两倍。我们预测，在O3期间HLV探测器网络（O4期间HLVK探测器网络）一个日历年的观测运行中，双中子星合并的探测次数为 （ ），中子星 - 黑洞合并的探测次数为 （ ），双黑洞合并的探测次数为 （ ）。我们评估了对未建模信号搜索的灵敏度和定位预期，包括对中等质量黑洞双星合并的搜索。
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