Development of Team Behavior Skills and Clinical Lactation Competence Among Medical Students Engaging in Telesimulations with Standardized Patients.

The aims of this pilot feasibility study were to determine if telesimulations with standardized patients (SPs) wearing high-fidelity breast models impact students' team behavior and clinical competence in lactation support. Medical students ( = 19) completed five telesimulations: Cases 1, 2, 5 in a team, 3 as individual, and 4 randomized. SPs used the Formative Assessment Rubric (FAR) to evaluate interpersonal and clinical competence. Collaboration skills within team-based telesimulations (Cases 2 and 4) were rated using the Interprofessional Collaborator Assessment Rubric (ICAR). Satisfaction data were collected from a focus group and written evaluation. Descriptive statistics were calculated for FAR, ICAR, and written evaluations. Appropriate nonparametric tests were used to measure FAR and ICAR differences over time or between team and individual telesimulations and the relationship between FAR and ICAR scores. Content analysis was used to generate themes from focus group data. Learners' interpersonal and lactation-specific competence improved over time ( = 0.003 and 0.009, respectively). Learners were able "to accept responsibility for their actions" more but spent less time "seeking perspectives from peers" in Case 4 compared with Case 2 ( = 0.01 and  < 0.001, respectively). Themes from the focus group related to the value of team telesimulations to learn clinical lactation skills and learn about one's role in a team. Learners agreed they developed clinical lactation skills (>4.5/5-pt). Opportunities to work collaboratively in telesimulations with a SP prepare learners for professional collaborations to effectively care for breast/chestfeeding dyads.