Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur 522213, India.
School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal 466114, India.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Mar 18;22(6):2340. doi: 10.3390/s22062340.
As a consequence of swiftly growing populations in the urban areas, larger quantities of solid waste also form rapidly. Since urban local bodies are found to be unable to manage this perilous situation effectively, there is a high probability of risks relative to the environment and public health. A sudden change is indispensable in the existing systems that are developed for the collection, transportation, and disposal of solid waste, which are entangled in turmoil. However, Smart sensors and wireless technology enable cyber-physical systems to automate solid waste management, which will revolutionize the industry. This work presents a comprehensive study on the evolution of automation approaches in solid waste management systems. This study is enhanced by dissecting the available literature in solid waste management with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), and Internet of Things (IoT)-based approaches and analyzing each category with a typical architecture, respectively. In addition, various communication technologies adopted in the aforementioned categories are critically analyzed to identify the best choice for the deployment of trash bins. From the survey, it is inferred that IoT-based systems are superior to other design approaches, and LoRaWAN is identified as the preferred communication protocol for the automation of solid waste handling systems in urban areas. Furthermore, the critical open research issues on state-of-the-art solid waste handling systems are identified and future directions to address the same topic are suggested.
由于城市地区人口迅速增长，大量的固体废物也迅速形成。由于城市地方机构发现无法有效应对这种危险局面，因此存在与环境和公共健康相关的高风险。对于目前在收集、运输和处理固体废物方面发展起来的系统，必须进行突然的变革，这些系统陷入了混乱。然而，智能传感器和无线技术使网络物理系统能够实现固体废物管理的自动化，这将彻底改变该行业。这项工作全面研究了固体废物管理系统中自动化方法的演变。通过对基于射频识别 (RFID)、无线传感器网络 (WSN) 和物联网 (IoT) 的固体废物管理中的现有文献进行剖析，并分别对每个类别进行典型架构分析，增强了这项研究。此外，还对上述类别中采用的各种通信技术进行了批判性分析，以确定在垃圾桶部署中最佳选择。从调查中可以推断出，基于物联网的系统优于其他设计方法，并且 LoRaWAN 被确定为城市地区固体废物处理系统自动化的首选通信协议。此外，还确定了最先进的固体废物处理系统的关键开放研究问题，并提出了解决该主题的未来方向。
