Faculty of Education, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Berlin, Germany.
Child Dev. 2022 Sep;93(5):1318-1333. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13757. Epub 2022 Mar 26.
Reaching agreements in conflicts is an important developmental challenge. Here, German 5-year-olds (N = 284, 49% female, mostly White, mixed socioeconomic backgrounds; data collection: June 2016-November 2017) faced repeated face-to-face bargaining problems in which they chose between fair and unfair reward divisions. Across three studies, children mostly settled on fair divisions. However, dominant children tended to benefit more from bargaining outcomes (in Study 1 and 2 but not Study 3) and children mostly failed to use leverage to enforce fairness. Communication analyses revealed that children giving orders to their partner had a bargaining advantage and that children provided and responded to fairness reasons. These findings indicate that fairness concerns and dominance are both key factors that shape young children's bargaining decisions.
在冲突中达成协议是一个重要的发展挑战。在这里，德国 5 岁儿童（N=284，49%为女性，大多数为白人，社会经济背景混合；数据收集：2016 年 6 月至 2017 年 11 月）在反复的面对面讨价还价问题中面临选择，在这些问题中，他们要在公平和不公平的奖励分配之间做出选择。在三项研究中，儿童大多选择公平分配。然而，主导型儿童往往从讨价还价结果中获益更多（在研究 1 和 2 中，但在研究 3 中并非如此），并且儿童大多未能利用影响力来维护公平。沟通分析表明，向伙伴发号施令的儿童具有讨价还价的优势，并且儿童提供并回应公平的理由。这些发现表明，公平问题和主导地位都是影响儿童讨价还价决策的关键因素。
