Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.2 Weiliu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
Vaccine. 2022 Apr 20;40(18):2561-2567. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.035. Epub 2022 Mar 24.
Several vaccine events causing public concern have occurred in China that were investigated and responded to by the central government. We describe causes, influences, and policy or practice changes associated with vaccine events that occurred between 2005 and 2021. We make recommendations to foster resilience in China's Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) system and vaccination enterprises and to sustain vaccine and program confidence.
Our study included all vaccine events since 2005 that were investigated and responded to by the central government of China. We verified mainstream and social media visibility of the events through Internet search. We extracted event times, causes, investigation processes, results, actions, and policy or practice regulation changes from official reports of government meetings and from official websites with media briefings.
Seven vaccine events were identified, each of which caused more than 100,000 mainstream or social media reports nationally or nationally and internationally. The events ranged in magnitude from 145 children receiving out-of-date oral poliovirus vaccine to a measles supplementary immunization activity involving 103 million children. Few, if any, children were directly harmed by vaccines in the events. Government responded to each event with program or policy changes, and in one case, with legislation. Responses affected the conduct of campaigns and supplementary immunization activities, use of schools as vaccination venues, financial incentives for vaccinating with non-program vaccines, vaccine procurement and distribution, and program policy making. The most fundamental response was enacting the country's first vaccine law, the 2019 Vaccine Administration Law, which guides virtually all aspects of vaccination work, from vaccine development through regulation, program implementation, and safety and impact monitoring.
All seven events generated substantial national and international mainstream and social media criticism and discussion, most commonly expressed through concerns of vaccine safety or vaccine effectiveness. Most had temporally associated temporary declines in vaccine confidence and coverage, jeopardizing decades of vaccination effort. The central government responded to each event by attempting to address root causes. Faithful implementation of the Vaccine Administration Law is fundamental to program strengthening and sustaining confidence of families, stakeholders, and government in vaccines and immunization in China.
在中国，已经发生了几起引起公众关注的疫苗事件，这些事件都由中央政府进行了调查和回应。本研究描述了 2005 年至 2021 年间发生的疫苗事件的原因、影响以及与疫苗事件相关的政策或实践变化，并就如何增强中国扩大免疫规划（EPI）系统和疫苗企业的韧性，以及维持疫苗和项目信心提出建议。
本研究纳入了自 2005 年以来由中国中央政府调查和回应的所有疫苗事件。我们通过互联网搜索核实了事件在主流媒体和社交媒体上的可见度。我们从政府会议的官方报告和带有媒体简报的官方网站中提取了事件发生的时间、原因、调查过程、结果、行动以及政策或实践监管的变化。
共确定了 7 起疫苗事件，其中每起事件在全国或国内外都引发了超过 10 万条主流或社交媒体报道。这些事件的规模从 14.5 万名儿童接种过期口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗到涉及 1.03 亿儿童的麻疹补充免疫活动不等。在这些事件中，几乎没有儿童因疫苗而直接受到伤害。政府对每一起事件都做出了计划或政策的改变，在一个案例中还制定了法律。这些反应影响了疫苗接种运动和补充免疫活动的开展、学校作为接种场所的使用、非计划疫苗接种的财政激励、疫苗采购和分发以及计划政策的制定。最根本的反应是颁布了中国第一部疫苗法——2019 年《疫苗管理法》，该法几乎指导了从疫苗研发到监管、项目实施以及安全性和影响监测的各个方面的接种工作。
所有 7 起事件都引起了国内外主流媒体和社交媒体的大量批评和讨论，最常见的是对疫苗安全性或疫苗有效性的担忧。其中大多数事件都与疫苗信心和覆盖率的暂时下降有关，从而危及了几十年来的疫苗接种工作。中央政府对每一起事件都试图解决根本原因。忠实执行《疫苗管理法》是加强计划和维持中国家庭、利益相关者和政府对疫苗和免疫接种信心的基础。
