College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
Poult Sci. 2022 May;101(5):101815. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101815. Epub 2022 Feb 25.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) and dietary addition (DA) oils on growth, development and immune function of broiler chickens. In experiment 1, a total of 500 eggs were randomly assigned to 3 treatments: non-injected group (CON) with 100 eggs; soybean oil injected group (SO) with 200 eggs and linseed oil injected group (LO) with 200 eggs. Results showed that there were no detrimental effects of IOF of oils on embryonic development. In experiment 2, a two factor experimental design was adopted. After hatching, 120 chicks which came from each oil-injected group were divided into 2 treatments with 6 replicates, and chickens were fed soybean oil diet and linseed oil diet, respectively. The results showed that DA linseed oil increased final body weight (FBW) of broilers at d 21 post hatch, IOF of linseed oil decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers from d 1 to 21 (P < 0.05), while the plasma leptin level of 21-day-old broilers was increased by IOF or DA linseed oil (P < 0.05). Main effect analysis showed that DA linseed oil increased the spleen index and mRNA expression of IFN-γ in spleen of broilers at 7 d of age (P < 0.05). IOF of linseed oil upregulated the mRNA expression of IFN-γ in the spleen of chicks at 1 d and mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-4 in spleen of broilers at 21 d (P < 0.05), and the interaction effect showed that IOF and DA linseed oil synergically increased the expression of IL-2 and IL-4 in spleen of broilers at 21 d. Compared with SO group, LO increased the Shannon index of hatching-day cecum microflora (P < 0.05). Principal co-ordinates analysis (PcoA) showed that LO group clearly separated from CON and SO groups. Finally, Spearman correlation analysis also manifested that Alkalicoccus was significantly correlated with spleen index and mRNA expression of IL-2, and Phreatobacter was significantly correlated with the mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in spleen, Acinetobacter had a positive correlation with thymus index (P < 0.05). In conclusion, IOF of linseed oil reduced the ADFI and FCR of broilers and increased the species diversity and changed the structure of cecal microflora of chicken embryos at the 19th day of incubation (E19). Immune function of broilers spleen was also regulated by IOF and DA linseed oil.
本研究旨在探讨胚内喂养（IOF）和日粮添加（DA）油对肉鸡生长、发育和免疫功能的影响。在实验 1 中，将 500 枚鸡蛋随机分为 3 个处理组：非注射组（CON），100 枚鸡蛋；大豆油注射组（SO），200 枚鸡蛋；亚麻籽油注射组（LO），200 枚鸡蛋。结果表明，IOF 油对胚胎发育没有不良影响。在实验 2 中，采用了双因素实验设计。出壳后，来自每个油注射组的 120 只小鸡被分为 2 个处理组，每组 6 个重复，分别饲喂大豆油日粮和亚麻籽油日粮。结果表明，DA 亚麻籽油增加了 21 日龄肉鸡的终体重（FBW），IOF 亚麻籽油降低了 1 至 21 日龄肉鸡的平均日采食量（ADFI）和饲料转化率（FCR）（P<0.05），同时 21 日龄肉鸡的血浆瘦素水平也有所升高（P<0.05）。主效应分析表明，DA 亚麻籽油增加了 7 日龄肉鸡脾脏的指数和 IFN-γ的 mRNA 表达（P<0.05）。IOF 亚麻籽油上调了 1 日龄雏鸡脾脏 IFN-γ的 mRNA 表达和 21 日龄肉鸡脾脏 IL-2 和 IL-4 的 mRNA 表达（P<0.05），交互作用表明，IOF 和 DA 亚麻籽油协同增加了 21 日龄肉鸡脾脏中 IL-2 和 IL-4 的表达。与 SO 组相比，LO 组增加了孵化日盲肠微生物区系的香农指数（P<0.05）。主坐标分析（PcoA）显示，LO 组与 CON 和 SO 组明显分离。最后，Spearman 相关分析也表明，Alkalicoccus 与脾脏指数和 IL-2 的 mRNA 表达显著相关，Phreatobacter 与脾脏中 IL-2 和 IFN-γ的 mRNA 表达显著相关，Acinetobacter 与胸腺指数呈正相关（P<0.05）。综上所述，IOF 亚麻籽油降低了肉鸡的 ADFI 和 FCR，增加了种的多样性，并改变了 19 日龄鸡胚盲肠微生物区系的结构。IOF 和 DA 亚麻籽油还调节了肉鸡脾脏的免疫功能。
