Ning Pingping, Mu Xin, Yang Xinglong, Li Tian, Xu Yanming
Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
Department of Neurology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, 18 Wanxiang North Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
EClinicalMedicine. 2022 Mar 24;46:101357. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101357. eCollection 2022 Apr.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with different clinical complications. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of RLS in people with diabetes mellitus and compare the risk of restless leg syndrome (RLS) between diabetic and non-diabetic population.
We searched for studies of RLS prevalence in DM through PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Two authors independently completed the literature screening, data extraction, and bias risk assessment of eligible studies. All observational studies that assessed the prevalence or risk of RLS in DM were included, where the diagnosis of RLS was based on the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG). Percentages, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess pooled estimates of RLS prevalence and risk based on random-effects models. Newcastle-Ottawa-scale (NOS) or a modified NOS were used to evaluate the quality of studies.
A total of 42 studies, including 835,986 participants, met the eligibility criteria for the meta-analysis. Among them, 30 studies were included in meta-analysis to analyze the prevalence of RLS. A second meta-analysis was conducted using 31 studies to determine RLS risk between diabetes and non-diabetes. The results indicate that between 25% (95% confidence interval 21%-29%) of people with diabetes showed signs of RLS, and people with diabetes had an increased risk of developing RLS compare to people without diabetes (OR 1.98, 95%CI 1.66- 2.34, < 0.001). However, the available evidence was limited due to potential risk of bias and variability between studies ( >75%), all of observational design.
Our study suggests that the prevalence and risk of RLS might be higher in DM patients than in non-diabetes population. However, given limitations in the analysis and study design, the findings need to be corroborated in future studies.
This work was supported by the Basic Conditions Platform Construction Project of Sichuan Science and Technology Department (2019JDPT0015), and the "1・3・5 project for disciplines of excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University" (ZYJC18003).
糖尿病（DM）与多种临床并发症相关。本研究旨在探讨糖尿病患者中不宁腿综合征（RLS）的患病率，并比较糖尿病患者与非糖尿病患者发生不宁腿综合征（RLS）的风险。
我们通过PubMed、Embase和Web of Science检索了关于糖尿病患者中RLS患病率的研究。两位作者独立完成了对符合条件研究的文献筛选、数据提取和偏倚风险评估。纳入了所有评估糖尿病患者中RLS患病率或风险的观察性研究，其中RLS的诊断基于国际不宁腿综合征研究组（IRLSSG）。基于随机效应模型，使用百分比、比值比（OR）及其95%置信区间（CI）来评估RLS患病率和风险的合并估计值。采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）或改良的NOS来评估研究质量。
共有42项研究，包括835986名参与者，符合荟萃分析的纳入标准。其中，30项研究纳入荟萃分析以分析RLS的患病率。使用31项研究进行了第二项荟萃分析，以确定糖尿病患者与非糖尿病患者之间的RLS风险。结果表明，25%（95%置信区间21%-29%）的糖尿病患者有RLS迹象，与非糖尿病患者相比，糖尿病患者发生RLS的风险增加（OR 1.98，95%CI 1.66-2.34，P<0.001）。然而，由于潜在的偏倚风险和研究间的变异性（>75%），所有研究均为观察性设计，现有证据有限。
我们的研究表明，糖尿病患者中RLS的患病率和风险可能高于非糖尿病患者。然而，鉴于分析和研究设计的局限性，这些发现需要在未来的研究中得到证实。
本研究得到四川省科技厅基础条件平台建设项目（2019JDPT0015）以及四川大学华西医院“卓越学科1・3・5项目”（ZYJC18003）的支持。
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