Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
J Glob Health. 2024 Jun 7;14:04113. doi: 10.7189/jogh.14.04113.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a prevalent neuro-sensory disorder that impairs quality of life. In this systematic review and modelling study, we estimated the global and regional prevalence of RLS and its associated factors.
We searched PubMed, Embase, and Medline for population-based studies on RLS prevalence published up to 12 November 2023. The included studies reported prevalence using the International Restless Leg Syndrome Study Group's (IRLSSG) minimal diagnostic criteria without limitations on frequency, duration, or severity. We applied a multilevel multivariable mixed-effects meta-regression to generate the age-specific and sex-specific prevalence of RLS for high socio-demographic index (H-SDI) and low and middle socio-demographic index (LM-SDI) regions. We pooled odds ratios (ORs) for RLS associated factors using random-effects models. Finally, we derived the regional prevalence and cases of RLS based on an associated factor-based model.
From 52 articles across 23 countries, the global RLS prevalence in 2019 was estimated to be 7.12% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.15-9.76) among adults 20-79 years of age, equating to 356.07 million (95% CI = 257.61-488.09) affected individuals. Prevalence was similar in H-SDI (7.29%; 95% CI = 5.04-10.41) and LM-SDI (7.10%; 95% CI = 5.16-9.70) regions, with the majority of cases in LM-SDI countries (323.06 million; 90.73%). Europe had the highest (7.60%; 95% CI = 5.44-10.52) and Africa the lowest regional prevalence (6.48%; 95% CI = 4.70-8.87). The Western Pacific Region, meanwhile, had the most cases (111.91 million; 95% CI = 80.93-153.42). Factors positively associated with RLS included advanced age (OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.04-1.24), smoking (OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.29-1.64), depression (OR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.26-2.32), and diabetes (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.19-1.97).
A considerable global burden of RLS exists. Effective strategies are needed to increase awareness and optimise resource allocation to address this often-overlooked condition. High-quality epidemiological investigations employing standardised and rigorous criteria for RLS are essential for addressing RLS burden more effectively.
PROSPERO: CRD42020161860.
不宁腿综合征（RLS）是一种普遍存在的神经感觉障碍，会降低生活质量。在这项系统评价和建模研究中，我们估计了 RLS 的全球和区域流行率及其相关因素。
我们检索了截至 2023 年 11 月 12 日发表的基于人群的 RLS 流行率的 PubMed、Embase 和 Medline 研究。纳入的研究使用国际不宁腿综合征研究组（IRLSSG）的最低诊断标准报告流行率，不受频率、持续时间或严重程度的限制。我们应用多水平多变量混合效应荟萃回归生成高社会人口指数（H-SDI）和低中社会人口指数（LM-SDI）地区的年龄特异性和性别特异性 RLS 流行率。我们使用随机效应模型汇总 RLS 相关因素的比值比（OR）。最后，我们根据基于相关因素的模型得出 RLS 的区域流行率和病例数。
从 23 个国家的 52 篇文章中，估计 2019 年全球 20-79 岁成年人的 RLS 流行率为 7.12%（95%置信区间[CI] = 5.15-9.76），相当于 3.5607 亿（95% CI = 257.61-488.09）受影响个体。在 H-SDI（7.29%；95% CI = 5.04-10.41）和 LM-SDI（7.10%；95% CI = 5.16-9.70）地区，流行率相似，LM-SDI 国家的大多数病例（3.2306 亿；90.73%）。欧洲的区域流行率最高（7.60%；95% CI = 5.44-10.52），非洲的区域流行率最低（6.48%；95% CI = 4.70-8.87）。与此同时，西太平洋地区的病例最多（1.1191 亿；95% CI = 80.93-153.42）。与 RLS 呈正相关的因素包括年龄较大（OR = 1.13；95% CI = 1.04-1.24）、吸烟（OR = 1.46；95% CI = 1.29-1.64）、抑郁（OR = 1.71；95% CI = 1.26-2.32）和糖尿病（OR = 1.54；95% CI = 1.19-1.97）。
RLS 存在相当大的全球负担。需要采取有效的策略来提高认识并优化资源分配，以解决这一经常被忽视的问题。采用标准化和严格的 RLS 标准进行高质量的流行病学调查对于更有效地解决 RLS 负担至关重要。
PROSPERO：CRD42020161860。
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