Jahani-Azizabadi H, Baraz H, Bagheri N, Ghaffari M H
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran.
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran.
J Dairy Sci. 2022 Jun;105(6):5062-5073. doi: 10.3168/jds.2021-20687. Epub 2022 Mar 26.
Forty-eight newborn Holstein dairy calves [40 ± 3.4 (SD) of kg of body weight (BW); 24 females and 24 males] were used in a completely randomized design to investigate the effects of a mixture of phytobiotic-rich herbal extract (Immunofin, IMPE) incorporated into milk on performance, ruminal fermentation, bacterial population, and serum biochemical metabolites during the preweaning period. Calves had free access to calf starter and clean water from d 6 until weaning. The treatments were the control (CON; without additive) and IMPE at 4, 8, and 12 mL/d. The treatments had no significant effect on total dry matter intake, weight gain, and BW at weaning. The incidence of diarrhea was lower in calves fed 8 mL of IMPE/d compared with CON. At weaning, body measurements (except for front leg circumference) were not affected by IMPE treatment. Relative to the CON group, front leg circumference was significantly decreased by IMPE supplementation. Serum IgG concentration was not significantly increased by IMPE supplementation compared with the CON group. Triglyceride concentration decreased in calves receiving 4, 8, and 12 mL/d of IMPE compared with the CON groups. In contrast to the CON group, serum albumin and total serum protein concentrations increased with IMPE supplementation. Calves receiving 4 mL/d of IMPE had a greater abundance of total bacteria, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Fibrobacter succinogenes compared with the other treatments. Molar proportions of acetate increased in calves fed IMPE (at 12 mL/d) compared with calves fed CON. Ruminal N-NH concentrations decreased linearly with the increase in IMPE supplementation. The results of the present study suggest that the addition of IMPE to milk may improve some health and immunity conditions, blood metabolite concentrations, and increase the abundance of some cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen of Holstein dairy calves. The use of IMPE may be an alternative to feeding antibiotics at subtherapeutic concentrations to improve calf health and immunity status.
48头新生荷斯坦奶牛犊牛（体重40±3.4（标准差）千克；24头雌性和24头雄性）采用完全随机设计，以研究添加富含植物源益生菌的草药提取物（免疫增强剂，IMPE）的牛奶对断奶前期犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵、细菌种群和血清生化代谢产物的影响。犊牛从第6天开始可自由采食犊牛开食料和清洁饮水，直至断奶。处理组分别为对照组（CON；不添加添加剂）以及添加4、8和12 mL/d的IMPE组。各处理对断奶时的总干物质摄入量、体重增加和体重均无显著影响。与对照组相比，每天饲喂8 mL IMPE的犊牛腹泻发生率较低。断奶时，体尺测量（前腿周长除外）不受IMPE处理的影响。与对照组相比，添加IMPE显著降低了前腿周长。与对照组相比，添加IMPE并未显著提高血清IgG浓度。与对照组相比，每天接受4、8和12 mL IMPE的犊牛甘油三酯浓度降低。与对照组相反，添加IMPE可提高血清白蛋白和总血清蛋白浓度。与其他处理相比，每天接受4 mL IMPE的犊牛总细菌、白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌的丰度更高。与饲喂对照组的犊牛相比，饲喂IMPE（12 mL/d）的犊牛乙酸的摩尔比例增加。瘤胃N-NH浓度随IMPE添加量的增加呈线性下降。本研究结果表明，在牛奶中添加IMPE可能改善荷斯坦奶牛犊牛的一些健康和免疫状况、血液代谢产物浓度，并增加瘤胃中一些纤维素分解菌的丰度。使用IMPE可能是替代亚治疗浓度抗生素饲喂以改善犊牛健康和免疫状态的一种选择。
