Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA; Yale University, Child Study Center, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, 34 Park Street, 3rd floor, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA; Yale University, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University Neuroscience Program, P.O. Box 208074, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
Neuroimage. 2022 Jul 1;254:119139. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119139. Epub 2022 Mar 25.
Integrating motivational signals with cognition is critical for goal-directed activities. The mechanisms that link neural changes with motivated working memory continue to be understood. Here, we tested how externally cued and non-cued (internally represented) reward and loss impact spatial working memory precision and neural circuits in human subjects using fMRI. We translated the classic delayed-response spatial working memory paradigm from non-human primate studies to take advantage of a continuous numeric measure of working memory precision, and the wealth of translational neuroscience yielded by these studies. Our results demonstrated that both cued and non-cued reward and loss improved spatial working memory precision. Visual association regions of the posterior prefrontal and parietal cortices, specifically the precentral sulcus (PCS) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS), had increased BOLD signal during incentivized spatial working memory. A subset of these regions had trial-by-trial increases in BOLD signal that were associated with better working memory precision, suggesting that these regions may be critical for linking neural signals with motivated working memory. In contrast, regions straddling executive networks, including areas in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior parietal cortex and cerebellum displayed decreased BOLD signal during incentivized working memory. While reward and loss similarly impacted working memory processes, they dissociated during feedback when money won or avoided in loss was given based on working memory performance. During feedback, the trial-by-trial amount and valence of reward/loss received was dissociated amongst regions such as the ventral striatum, habenula and periaqueductal gray. Overall, this work suggests motivated spatial working memory is supported by complex sensory processes, and that the IPS and PCS in the posterior frontoparietal cortices may be key regions for integrating motivational signals with spatial working memory precision.
将动机信号与认知相结合对于目标导向的活动至关重要。将神经变化与动机工作记忆联系起来的机制仍在研究中。在这里，我们使用 fMRI 测试了外部提示和非提示（内部表示）奖励和损失如何影响人类被试的空间工作记忆精度和神经回路。我们将经典的延迟反应空间工作记忆范式从非人类灵长类研究中转化过来，利用工作记忆精度的连续数值测量方法，并利用这些研究产生的丰富的转化神经科学。我们的结果表明，提示和非提示的奖励和损失都提高了空间工作记忆的精度。后前额叶和顶叶皮质的视觉联想区域，特别是中央前回（PCS）和顶内沟（IPS），在激励性空间工作记忆期间具有增加的 BOLD 信号。这些区域中的一部分具有与更好的工作记忆精度相关的 BOLD 信号的逐次增加，这表明这些区域可能对于将神经信号与动机工作记忆联系起来至关重要。相比之下，跨越执行网络的区域，包括背外侧前额叶皮层、前顶叶皮层和小脑的区域，在激励性工作记忆期间显示出 BOLD 信号减少。虽然奖励和损失同样影响工作记忆过程，但在反馈期间，当根据工作记忆表现给予奖励或避免损失时，它们会分开。在反馈期间，在每一次试验中，奖励/损失的数量和效价在腹侧纹状体、缰核和导水管周围灰质等区域中是分开的。总的来说，这项工作表明，动机驱动的空间工作记忆是由复杂的感觉过程支持的，而顶内沟和中央前回可能是将动机信号与空间工作记忆精度结合起来的关键区域。
