Reward influences the allocation but not the availability of resources in visual working memory.

Visual working memory possesses capacity constraints limiting the availability of resources for encoding and maintaining information. Studies have shown that prospective rewards improve performance on visual working memory tasks, but it remains unclear whether rewards increase total resource availability or simply influence the allocation of resources. Participants performed a continuous report visual working memory task with oriented grating stimuli. On each trial, participants were presented with a priority cue, which signaled the item most likely to be probed, and a reward cue, which signaled the magnitude of a performance-contingent reward. We showed that rewards decreased recall error for cued items and increased recall error for noncued items. This tradeoff was due to a change in the probability of successfully encoding a cued versus a noncued item rather than a change in recall precision or the probability of binding errors. Rewards did not modulate performance when priority cues were retroactively presented after the stimulus presentation period, indicating that rewards only affect resource allocation when participants are able to engage proactive control before encoding. Additionally, reward had no effect on visual working memory performance when priority cues were absent and thus unable to guide resource allocation. These findings indicate that rewards influence the flexible allocation of resources during selection and encoding in visual working memory, but do not augment total capacity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).