Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, 41110, Thessaly, Greece.
Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attiki, Greece.
Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2022 May;46(5):101911. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2022.101911. Epub 2022 Mar 25.
Pancreatic cancer (PC) represents a malignancy with increased mortality rate, as less than 10% of patients survive for 5 years after diagnosis. Current evolution in basic sciences has revealed promising results by decrypting genetic loci vulnerable to mutations, as potential targets of novel treatment choices. In this regard, the "Oligonucleotide therapeutics", based on synthetic nucleotides, modify the function and expression of their targets. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), aptamers, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and decoys comprise the main representatives of this emerging technology, by regulating oncogenes' expression, restoring DNA repairment mechanisms, sensitizing cancer cells in chemotherapy, and inhibiting PC progress. A plethora of genetic treatment molecules and respective targets have been described and are currently studied, thus providing a broad range of probable pharmaceutical options. This narrative review illuminates the main parameters of genetic treatment molecules for PC and underlines their deficiencies, to clarify the upcoming future and trigger further investigation in PC management.
胰腺癌（PC）是一种死亡率较高的恶性肿瘤，不到 10%的患者在诊断后能存活 5 年。基础科学的最新发展通过破译易发生突变的遗传基因座，为新的治疗选择提供了有希望的结果，作为潜在的治疗靶点。在这方面，基于合成核苷酸的“寡核苷酸疗法”可修饰其靶标的功能和表达。反义寡核苷酸（ASO）、小干扰 RNA（siRNA）、微 RNA（miRNA）、适体、CpG 寡脱氧核苷酸和诱饵是该新兴技术的主要代表，通过调节致癌基因的表达、恢复 DNA 修复机制、增强化疗药物对癌细胞的敏感性以及抑制 PC 的进展。目前已经描述和正在研究大量的基因治疗分子和相应的靶标，从而提供了广泛的可能药物选择。本文综述了用于 PC 的基因治疗分子的主要参数，并强调了它们的不足，以阐明即将到来的未来，并引发对 PC 管理的进一步研究。
