Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, 128 Jinling Road, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China.
Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2024 Mar;43(1):29-53. doi: 10.1007/s10555-023-10125-y. Epub 2023 Jul 15.
The metastasis is a multistep process in which a small proportion of cancer cells are detached from the colony to enter into blood cells for obtaining a new place for metastasis and proliferation. The metastasis and cell plasticity are considered major causes of cancer-related deaths since they improve the malignancy of cancer cells and provide poor prognosis for patients. Furthermore, enhancement in the aggressiveness of cancer cells has been related to the development of drug resistance. Metastasis of pancreatic cancer (PC) cells has been considered one of the major causes of death in patients and their undesirable prognosis. PC is among the most malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and in addition to lifestyle, smoking, and other factors, genomic changes play a key role in its progression. The stimulation of EMT in PC cells occurs as a result of changes in molecular interaction, and in addition to increasing metastasis, EMT participates in the development of chemoresistance. The epithelial, mesenchymal, and acinar cell plasticity can occur and determines the progression of PC. The major molecular pathways including STAT3, PTEN, PI3K/Akt, and Wnt participate in regulating the metastasis of PC cells. The communication in tumor microenvironment can provide by exosomes in determining PC metastasis. The components of tumor microenvironment including macrophages, neutrophils, and cancer-associated fibroblasts can modulate PC progression and the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy.
转移是一个多步骤的过程，在此过程中，一小部分癌细胞从肿瘤中脱离，进入血液细胞，以获得转移和增殖的新场所。转移和细胞可塑性被认为是癌症相关死亡的主要原因，因为它们提高了癌细胞的恶性程度，并为患者提供了不良的预后。此外，癌细胞侵袭性的增强与耐药性的发展有关。胰腺癌细胞的转移被认为是患者死亡和预后不良的主要原因之一。胰腺癌是胃肠道最恶性的肿瘤之一，除了生活方式、吸烟和其他因素外，基因组变化在其进展中起着关键作用。EMT 在胰腺癌细胞中的刺激是由于分子相互作用的改变而发生的，除了增加转移外，EMT 还参与了化疗耐药性的发展。上皮细胞、间充质细胞和腺泡细胞的可塑性可以发生，并决定了胰腺癌的进展。包括 STAT3、PTEN、PI3K/Akt 和 Wnt 在内的主要分子途径参与调节胰腺癌细胞的转移。肿瘤微环境中的通讯可以通过外泌体来确定胰腺癌细胞的转移。肿瘤微环境的成分包括巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和癌症相关成纤维细胞，可以调节胰腺癌的进展和癌细胞对化疗的反应。
