Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2022 May;21(3):2455-2488. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12938. Epub 2022 Mar 29.
Food fraud is currently a growing global concern with far-reaching consequences. Food authenticity attributes, including biological identity, geographical origin, agricultural production, and processing technology, are susceptible to food fraud. Metabolic markers and their corresponding authentication methods are considered as a promising choice for food authentication. However, few metabolic markers were available to develop robust analytical methods for food authentication in routine control. Untargeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is increasingly used to discover metabolic markers. This review summarizes the general workflow, recent applications, advantages, advances, limitations, and future needs of untargeted metabolomics by LC-MS for identifying metabolic markers in food authentication. In conclusion, untargeted metabolomics by LC-MS shows great efficiency to discover the metabolic markers for the authenticity assessment of biological identity, geographical origin, agricultural production, processing technology, freshness, cause of animals' death, and so on, through three main steps, namely, data acquisition, biomarker discovery, and biomarker validation. The application prospects of the selected markers by untargeted metabolomics require to be valued, and the selected markers need to be eventually applicable at targeted analysis assessing the authenticity of unknown food samples.
食品欺诈目前是一个日益严重的全球性问题，其后果影响深远。食品真实性属性，包括生物身份、地理来源、农业生产和加工技术，都容易受到食品欺诈的影响。代谢标志物及其相应的鉴定方法被认为是食品鉴定的一种有前途的选择。然而，在常规控制中，很少有代谢标志物可用于开发用于食品鉴定的稳健分析方法。液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）的非靶向代谢组学越来越多地用于发现代谢标志物。本综述总结了 LC-MS 非靶向代谢组学在识别食品鉴定中代谢标志物的一般工作流程、最新应用、优点、进展、局限性和未来需求。总之，LC-MS 的非靶向代谢组学通过三个主要步骤，即数据采集、生物标志物发现和生物标志物验证，显示出很高的效率，可以发现用于生物身份、地理来源、农业生产、加工技术、新鲜度、动物死亡原因等真实性评估的代谢标志物。需要重视非靶向代谢组学选择的标记物的应用前景，并最终在靶向分析中应用这些标记物来评估未知食品样品的真实性。
