Li Jinrui, Chen Mengjun, Zhou Shengju, Li Hongguang, Hao Jingcheng
Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan, 250002, China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2022 Apr 19;51(8):3226-3242. doi: 10.1039/d1cs00958c.
Fullerene C is an all-carbon cage molecule with rich physicochemical properties. It is highly symmetric and hydrophobic, which can be used as a building block for the preparation of amphiphiles that self-assemble into diverse supramolecular structures in aqueous solutions. Meanwhile, C is also lipophobic, which is different from the alkyl chains in traditional surfactants. By attaching alkyl chains to the C sphere, a new type of lipophobic-lipophilic amphiphiles can be constructed which undergo self-assembly in -alkanes. When inorganic clusters such as polyoxometalate are linked to the C sphere, organic-inorganic hybrids will be obtained which can self-assemble in polar organic solvents. Pristine C has also been modified by polar groups such as hydroxy and carboxy, which are linked to hydrophobic moieties and form a new class of amphiphiles. In this review, the self-assembly of C-based amphiphiles in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions will be summarized. The characteristics exhibited by C-based amphiphiles during the self-assembly will be discussed with close comparison to traditional surfactants, and the influences of the aggregate formation on the physicochemical properties of the C sphere will be described. Finally, a brief summary will be given together with a promising perspective in near future.
富勒烯C是一种具有丰富物理化学性质的全碳笼状分子。它具有高度对称性且疏水，可作为制备两亲分子的构建单元，这些两亲分子在水溶液中自组装成各种超分子结构。同时，C也具有疏脂性，这与传统表面活性剂中的烷基链不同。通过将烷基链连接到C球上，可以构建一种新型的疏脂-亲脂两亲分子，它们在正构烷烃中进行自组装。当多金属氧酸盐等无机簇与C球相连时，将获得可在极性有机溶剂中自组装的有机-无机杂化物。原始的C也已被羟基和羧基等极性基团修饰，这些极性基团与疏水部分相连，形成了一类新型两亲分子。在这篇综述中，将总结基于C的两亲分子在水溶液和非水溶液中的自组装情况。将与传统表面活性剂进行密切比较，讨论基于C的两亲分子在自组装过程中表现出的特性，并描述聚集体形成对C球物理化学性质的影响。最后，将给出简要总结以及对不久将来的展望。
