Li Baoman, Zhang Dianjun, Verkhratsky Alexei
Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
Neurosci Bull. 2022 Aug;38(8):953-965. doi: 10.1007/s12264-022-00845-6. Epub 2022 Mar 29.
Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is on the rise, traumatic events and their consequences are often hidden or minimized by patients for reasons linked to PTSD itself. Traumatic experiences can be broadly classified into mental stress (MS) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the cellular mechanisms of MS- or TBI-induced PTSD remain unknown. Recent evidence has shown that the morphological remodeling of astrocytes accompanies and arguably contributes to fearful memories and stress-related disorders. In this review, we summarize the roles of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of MS-PTSD and TBI-PTSD. Astrocytes synthesize and secrete neurotrophic, pro- and anti-inflammatory factors and regulate the microenvironment of the nervous tissue through metabolic pathways, ionostatic control, and homeostatic clearance of neurotransmitters. Stress or trauma-associated impairment of these vital astrocytic functions contribute to the pathophysiological evolution of PTSD and may present therapeutic targets.
尽管创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的发病率在上升，但由于与PTSD本身相关的原因，创伤事件及其后果往往被患者隐瞒或淡化。创伤经历大致可分为精神应激（MS）和创伤性脑损伤（TBI），但MS或TBI诱发PTSD的细胞机制尚不清楚。最近的证据表明，星形胶质细胞的形态重塑伴随着恐惧记忆和应激相关障碍，并且可以说对此有贡献。在这篇综述中，我们总结了星形胶质细胞在MS-PTSD和TBI-PTSD发病机制中的作用。星形胶质细胞合成并分泌神经营养因子、促炎和抗炎因子，并通过代谢途径、离子稳态控制和神经递质的稳态清除来调节神经组织的微环境。这些重要的星形胶质细胞功能与应激或创伤相关的损伤会导致PTSD的病理生理演变，并可能成为治疗靶点。
