Rábago-Monzón Ángel R, Osuna-Ramos Juan F, Armienta-Rojas David A, Camberos-Barraza Josué, Camacho-Zamora Alejandro, Magaña-Gómez Javier A, De la Herrán-Arita Alberto K
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico.
Doctorado en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico.
Biomedicines. 2025 May 6;13(5):1121. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13051121.
Stress and sleep share a reciprocal relationship, where chronic stress often leads to sleep disturbances that worsen neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions. Non-neuronal cells, particularly astrocytes and microglia, play critical roles in the brain's response to stress and the regulation of sleep. Astrocytes influence sleep architecture by regulating adenosine signaling and glymphatic clearance, both of which can be disrupted by chronic stress, leading to reduced restorative sleep. Microglia, activated under stress conditions, drive neuroinflammatory processes that further impair sleep and exacerbate brain dysfunction. Additionally, the gut-brain axis mediates interactions between stress, sleep, and inflammation, with microbial metabolites influencing neural pathways. Many of these effects converge on the disruption of synaptic processes, such as neurotransmitter balance, synaptic plasticity, and pruning, which in turn contribute to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. This review explores how these cellular and systemic mechanisms contribute to stress-induced sleep disturbances and their implications for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting non-neuronal cells and the gut-brain axis.
压力与睡眠存在相互关系，慢性压力常导致睡眠障碍，进而使神经退行性疾病和精神疾病恶化。非神经元细胞，尤其是星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞，在大脑对应激的反应及睡眠调节中发挥关键作用。星形胶质细胞通过调节腺苷信号传导和类淋巴系统清除来影响睡眠结构，而这两者都可能因慢性压力而受到干扰，导致恢复性睡眠减少。小胶质细胞在应激条件下被激活，引发神经炎症过程，进一步损害睡眠并加剧脑功能障碍。此外，肠脑轴介导压力、睡眠和炎症之间的相互作用，微生物代谢产物影响神经通路。这些影响中有许多都集中在突触过程的破坏上，如神经递质平衡、突触可塑性和修剪，这反过来又促成了神经退行性疾病和精神疾病的病理生理学。本综述探讨了这些细胞和系统机制如何导致压力诱导的睡眠障碍及其对神经退行性疾病和精神疾病的影响，为针对非神经元细胞和肠脑轴的潜在治疗策略提供见解。
