Doody Owen, Hennessy Therese, Bright Ann-Marie
Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2022 May;129:104207. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104207. Epub 2022 Feb 24.
People with intellectual disability have poorer health than the general population and experience difficulties accessing healthcare. In addition, attitude and stigmatisation by healthcare professionals can lead to poorer health outcomes for people with intellectual disability. This is often driven by the fact that many healthcare professionals lack the knowledge, skill or experience in supporting people with intellectual disability. As lead roles within the nursing profession Clinical Nurse Specialists and Advanced Nurse Practitioners have a key role in supporting person-centred care and health outcomes. However, little is known about the effects of these roles on care provision for people with intellectual disability.
To identify the effect of Clinical Nurse Specialists and Advanced Nurse Practitioners on care provision for people with intellectual disability.
A systematic search of six academic databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Medline and Academic Search Complete) relevant to nursing and health care was performed.
SETTING(S): Nursing care environment.
Clinical Nurse Specialists and Advanced Nurse Practitioners providing care to people with intellectual disability.
A pre-defined systematic search of six academic databases was conducted and two reviewers screened each study against the inclusion criteria. Additional hand searching of the reference lists (backward chaining) and citations (forward chaining) of papers that met the inclusion criteria was conducted. The methodological details of each paper were extracted and assessed for quality and rigour utilizing the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and the AACODS checklist for appraising grey literature. Thematic analysis was undertaken (Braun and Clarke, 2006) and the review is reported in line with PRISMA guidelines (Page et al. 2021).
All papers included in this review were from Ireland and spanned an eighteen-year period. Seven papers met the inclusion criteria: quantitative (n = 2), qualitative (n = 2), mixed methods (n = 2) and grey literature (n = 1). Thematic analysis enabled the development of three themes; maintaining core nursing skills; the maintenance of professional competence and providing a quality service.
It is evident from the findings of this review that intellectual disability nursing in Ireland is actively engaged in research and professional development. Intellectual disability nursing in Ireland positively contributes to the individual, family and community and the international body of evidence that supports individualised care provision for persons with intellectual disability.
智障人士的健康状况比普通人群更差，且在获得医疗保健方面存在困难。此外，医护人员的态度和污名化会导致智障人士的健康结果更差。这通常是由于许多医护人员缺乏支持智障人士的知识、技能或经验。作为护理行业的主导角色，临床护理专家和高级护理从业者在支持以患者为中心的护理和健康结果方面发挥着关键作用。然而，对于这些角色对智障人士护理服务的影响知之甚少。
确定临床护理专家和高级护理从业者对智障人士护理服务的影响。
对与护理和医疗保健相关的六个学术数据库（CINAHL、EMBASE、PsycINFO、Scopus、Medline和Academic Search Complete）进行系统检索。
护理环境。
为智障人士提供护理的临床护理专家和高级护理从业者。
对六个学术数据库进行预先定义的系统检索，两名评审员根据纳入标准筛选每项研究。对符合纳入标准的论文的参考文献列表（反向链接）和引用文献（正向链接）进行额外的手工检索。提取每篇论文的方法细节，并使用混合方法评估工具和评估灰色文献的AACODS清单对质量和严谨性进行评估。进行了主题分析（Braun和Clarke，2006年），并根据PRISMA指南（Page等人，2021年）报告了该综述。
本综述纳入的所有论文均来自爱尔兰，时间跨度为18年。七篇论文符合纳入标准：定量研究（n = 2）、定性研究（n = 2）、混合方法研究（n = 2）和灰色文献（n = 1）。主题分析得出了三个主题；保持核心护理技能；维持专业能力和提供优质服务。
从本次综述的结果可以明显看出，爱尔兰的智障护理积极参与研究和专业发展。爱尔兰的智障护理对个人、家庭和社区以及支持为智障人士提供个性化护理的国际证据体系做出了积极贡献。
