Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
Plant Sci. 2022 May;318:111223. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111223. Epub 2022 Feb 18.
Starch is a complex carbohydrate polymer produced by plants and especially by crops in huge amounts. It consists of amylose and amylopectin, which have α-1,4- and α-1,6-linked glucose units. Despite this simple chemistry, the entire starch metabolism is complex, containing various (iso)enzymes/proteins. However, whose interplay is still not yet fully understood. Starch is essential for humans and animals as a source of nutrition and energy. Nowadays, starch is also commonly used in non-food industrial sectors for a variety of purposes. However, native starches do not always satisfy the needs of a wide range of (industrial) applications. This review summarizes the structural properties of starch, analytical methods for starch characterization, and in planta starch modifications.
淀粉是一种由植物合成的复杂碳水化合物聚合物，尤其是在农作物中大量合成。它由直链淀粉和支链淀粉组成，这两种淀粉都由α-1,4-和α-1,6-连接的葡萄糖单元组成。尽管化学结构如此简单，但整个淀粉代谢过程非常复杂，包含各种（同工）酶/蛋白质。然而，它们之间的相互作用仍未完全被理解。淀粉是人类和动物的重要营养和能量来源。如今，淀粉也在各种非食品工业领域中广泛使用，用于多种用途。然而，天然淀粉并不总是能满足各种（工业）应用的需求。本综述总结了淀粉的结构特性、淀粉特性分析方法以及淀粉在植物体内的修饰。
