Regional Sanitary-Epidemiological Station, Kraków, Poland.
Faculty of Food Technology, Małopolska Centre for Food Monitoring, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2022 Mar 21;29(1):72-79. doi: 10.26444/aaem/144416. Epub 2021 Dec 16.
The main aim of this study was to determine the content of mycotoxins, such as: deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisins (FUM) in cereal products, and such products intended for infants. The secondary objective was to assess consumer exposure to the DON, ZEA and FUM occurring in cereal products, including those intended for infants and young children.
The study included cereals and cereal products such as flours, grits, pastas, products of the bakery industry, snacks and cereal products intended for infants and young children, available in retail outlets in the Małopolska Province of Poland. DON content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a DAD detector, while the contents of ZEA and FUM were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
The determined concentration of mycotoxins exceeded the maximum level specified in food law in only two cases. DON level in maize flour was 1511.0 μg kg and exceeded the maximal residue level (MRL) set at 750.0 μg kg. The value of MRL for ZEA was over the permissible value of 75.0 μg kg in the maize flour sample only, and was 212.0 μg kg. None of the samples examined was beyond the permissible level of FUM.
Levels higher than those permissible for the examined cereal products were noted in only two cases. FUMs were the most commonly found Fusarium mycotoxins, followed by DON and ZEA. The mean exposure doses of the assessed mycotoxins, resulting from the consumption of cereal products in the selected populations, were at low levels (reaching a maximum of 6.81%) and did not exceed the tolerable daily intake (TDI) or provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI). Therefore, the observed average chronic exposure dose not pose a health risk to consumers.
本研究的主要目的是测定谷物制品及婴幼儿食品中霉菌毒素的含量，如脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）和伏马菌素（FUM）。次要目的是评估消费者通过食用谷物制品（包括婴幼儿谷物制品）摄入 DON、ZEA 和 FUM 的情况。
本研究涵盖了波兰小波兰省零售商店中销售的谷物及谷物制品，如面粉、粗粒粉、面条、烘焙产品、小吃和婴幼儿谷物制品。DON 含量通过高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法测定，ZEA 和 FUM 含量通过高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定。
仅在两种情况下，检测到的霉菌毒素浓度超过了食品法规定的最大限量。在玉米粉中，DON 的含量为 1511.0 μg kg，超过了设定的 750.0 μg kg 的最大残留限量（MRL）。在玉米粉样品中，ZEA 的 MRL 值超过了 75.0 μg kg 的允许值，为 212.0 μg kg。所检测的样本均未超过 FUM 的允许水平。
仅在两种情况下，检测到的霉菌毒素含量高于允许水平。在所研究的谷物产品中，最常见的是伏马菌素，其次是 DON 和 ZEA。在所选择的人群中，通过食用谷物制品摄入评估霉菌毒素的平均暴露剂量处于低水平（最高达 6.81%），且未超过每日允许摄入量（TDI）或暂定每日允许摄入量（PMTDI）。因此，观察到的平均慢性暴露剂量不会对消费者的健康构成风险。
