Postupolski Jacek, Starski Andrzej, Ledzion Ewa, Kurpińska-Jaworska Joanna, Szczęsna Małgorzata
National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Food Safety, Chocimska str. 24, Warsaw, Poland
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2019;70(1):5-14. doi: 10.32394/rpzh.2019.0050.
Mycotoxins belong to substances harmful to human health. They are found mainly in cereal products and their preparations. In particular, infants and young children who consume cereal products, including porridge and gruel, are exposed to these substances.
The aim of the study is to assess the exposure of infants and young children in Poland to micotoxins (ochratoxin A. deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fumonisins B1 and B1, T-2 and HT-2 toxins) derived from cereal products intended for infants and children.
Samples of products (302) were taken from all over the country in the following three years (2011, 2012 and 2013). HPLC-MS / MS method was used to determine the test compounds.
Using the HPLC-MS / MS method, the assessment of population exposure in Poland to mikototoxins (ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fumonisins B1 and B1, T-2 and HT-2 toxins) derived from cereal products (porridge, gruel) intended for infants and small children. Samples (302) were taken from across the country over the next three years. The exposure values obtained in the average exposure scenario range from 0.2 to 3% compared to the reference toxicological parameters. Considering that in the case of infants and young children, the tested products constitute a quantitatively significant part of the balanced diet of these consumers, and the remaining groups of foodstuffs, including vegetable products. fruit and meat and dairy products do not contribute significant amounts of mycotoxins to the diet can be accepted. that the level of contamination of cereal products does not pose a significant risk to the health of consumers. In the case of high exposure, it did not exceed 10% of the reference values for deoxynivalenol and the sum of fumonisins B1 and B2. These values were assessed as not relevant for the exposure of infants and young children. In contrast, in the case of zearalenone, the high level of exposure corresponded to 36% of the value of tolerable daily intake (TDI), and for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins, the value of 48% of tolerable daily intake. In both cases, the contribution of pollutants to the diet was significant, but still remained 2-3 times less than the tolerable daily intake. Given, that cereal products are the main source of these contaminants, it can be estimated that exceeding the TDI value in relation to the total diet of infants and young children is unlikely.
The exposure values obtained in the average exposure scenario range from 0.2 to 3% compared to the reference toxicological parameters. In the case of zearalenone, the high level of exposure corresponded to 36% of the TDI value. and for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins, 48% TDI. The contribution of pollutants to the diet in both cases was significant. however, it still remained 2-3 times less than the tolerable daily intake. Considering, that cereal products are the main source of these pollutants can be assessed. that exceeding the TDI value for the total diet of infants and young children is unlikely.
霉菌毒素属于对人体健康有害的物质。它们主要存在于谷物产品及其制品中。特别是食用谷物产品（包括粥和糊）的婴幼儿会接触到这些物质。
本研究旨在评估波兰婴幼儿接触源自婴幼儿谷物产品中的霉菌毒素（赭曲霉毒素A、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、伏马毒素B1和B2、T-2毒素和HT-2毒素）的情况。
在接下来的三年（2011年、2012年和2013年）从全国采集了产品样本（302份）。采用HPLC-MS/MS方法测定受试化合物。
采用HPLC-MS/MS方法评估了波兰人群接触源自婴幼儿谷物产品（粥、糊）中的霉菌毒素（赭曲霉毒素A、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、伏马毒素B1和B2、T-2毒素和HT-2毒素）的情况。在接下来的三年里从全国采集了样本（302份）。与参考毒理学参数相比，在平均暴露情况下获得的暴露值范围为0.2%至3%。考虑到对于婴幼儿而言，受试产品在这些消费者的均衡饮食中占定量显著的部分，而包括蔬菜产品、水果以及肉类和奶制品在内的其他食品类别对饮食中霉菌毒素的贡献不大，因此可以认为谷物产品的污染水平不会对消费者健康构成重大风险。在高暴露情况下，脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇以及伏马毒素B1和B2的总和未超过参考值的10%。这些值被评估为与婴幼儿暴露无关。相比之下，对于玉米赤霉烯酮，高暴露水平相当于每日可耐受摄入量（TDI）值的36%，对于T-2毒素和HT-2毒素的总和，该值为每日可耐受摄入量的48%。在这两种情况下，污染物对饮食的贡献都很大，但仍比每日可耐受摄入量低2至3倍。鉴于谷物产品是这些污染物的主要来源，可以估计婴幼儿总饮食中超过TDI值的情况不太可能发生。
与参考毒理学参数相比，在平均暴露情况下获得的暴露值范围为0.2%至3%。对于玉米赤霉烯酮，高暴露水平相当于TDI值的36%，对于T-2毒素和HT-2毒素的总和，为48%TDI。在这两种情况下，污染物对饮食的贡献都很大。然而，仍比每日可耐受摄入量低2至3倍。考虑到谷物产品是这些污染物的主要来源，可以评估婴幼儿总饮食中超过TDI值的情况不太可能发生。
