College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an, 710127, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Aug;29(38):57808-57822. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19935-z. Epub 2022 Mar 30.
With the rapid urbanization and industrialization in China, ozone pollution has become increasingly serious and poses a greater threat to human health. In this study, the spatiotemporal distribution of ozone pollution in China's cities and urban agglomerations from 2015 to 2019 was analyzed. The health effects and health economic costs of ozone pollution in China were estimated by applying the environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (BenMAP-CE) model. The results are as follows: (1) ozone pollution was more serious in Chinese urban agglomerations from 2015 to 2019; (2) the hot spots of ozone concentration mainly distributed in the North China Plain, expanding from north to south; the cold spots decreased year by year and were located in the northeast, northwest, and southwest of China, shifting from northwest to southwest; (3) the seasonal average of ozone concentration in China was the highest in summer, followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest in winter; (4) the number of all-cause premature deaths of ozone pollution in China increased slowly from 2015 to 2019, and the average of urban agglomerations was significantly higher than cities, with similar spatial distribution characteristics as ozone concentration; (5) the health economic costs of ozone pollution from 2015 to 2019 slowly expanded to surrounding cities with Beijing, Shanghai, Xi'an, and Chongqing as the centers of high values, while the low value areas decreased year by year and were mainly concentrated in southwest and northeast China. The health economic costs of ozone pollution at urban agglomerations scale were higher in the eastern coastal regions and lower in the northwest inland regions. Thus, this study presents policy recommendations to provide decision-making reference for realizing the inter-regional prevention and control of ozone pollution.
在中国快速的城市化和工业化进程中，臭氧污染变得日益严重，对人类健康构成了更大的威胁。本研究分析了 2015 年至 2019 年中国城市和城市群的臭氧污染时空分布。应用环境效益制图与分析规划-社区版（BenMAP-CE）模型，估算了中国臭氧污染的健康影响和健康经济成本。结果如下：（1）2015 年至 2019 年，中国城市群的臭氧污染更为严重；（2）臭氧浓度热点主要分布在华北平原，从北向南扩展；冷点逐年减少，位于中国东北、西北和西南地区，从西北向西南转移；（3）中国臭氧浓度的季节平均值夏季最高，其次是春季和秋季，冬季最低；（4）中国臭氧污染引起的所有原因过早死亡人数从 2015 年到 2019 年缓慢增加，且城市群的平均值明显高于城市，具有与臭氧浓度相似的空间分布特征；（5）2015 年至 2019 年，臭氧污染的健康经济成本缓慢扩大到以北京、上海、西安和重庆为中心的周边城市，而低值区则逐年减少，主要集中在中国西南和东北地区。城市群尺度上的臭氧污染健康经济成本在东部沿海地区较高，而在西北内陆地区较低。因此，本研究提出了政策建议，为实现臭氧污染的区域间防控提供了决策参考。
