Modeling Early Neural Crest Development via Induction from hiPSC-Derived Neural Plate Border-like Cells.

Neural crest cells (NCCs) are a multipotent and transient cell population that gives rise to many important tissues during human embryogenesis. Disturbances that occur during NCCs development may lead to numerous types of diseases and syndromes, which are called neurocristopathies. NCCs in vitro modeling enables the access to cellular, genetic, and biochemical information about the neural crest development and its derivatives. By using cells derived from patients with neurocristopathies it is possible to study the cellular and genetic mechanisms behind each disease in a specific and trustworthy manner, as well as to contribute to the development of prospective treatments. Here, we describe a protocol of 19 days, capable of efficiently generating NCCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). This differentiation process recapitulates the intermediate stage of neural plate border-like cells (NBCs), the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and enables further generation of NCCs derivatives, such as Schwann cells, smooth muscle cells, melanocytes, peripheral neurons, adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes.