Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Int J Public Health. 2022 Mar 14;67:1604608. doi: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604608. eCollection 2022.
This study examined the trajectory of perinatal depressive symptoms in Portuguese women during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of individual, relational, and contextual risk and protective factors. This 3-wave longitudinal study followed 290 pregnant women from the third trimester of pregnancy until 6-months postpartum. Women self-reported on depressive symptoms, psychological (anxiety, perceived stress, mindfulness), relational (perceived social support, dyadic adjustment, sexual wellbeing), and contextual (lockdown status) factors. Women who were under strict lockdown presented significantly higher scores of depressive symptoms at baseline (by 1.38 EPDS points) than women who were not under strict lockdown measures. Mixed Growth Models showed that trajectories of depressive symptoms were explained by differences in women's baseline depression. Differences in women's depressive symptoms at baseline were mainly explained by higher anxiety and lower social support (22% and 24% for women under lockdown; 39% and 6% for women not on lockdown, respectively). Preventative interventions targeted at pregnant women should aim to reduce anxiety and enhance women's social support to prevent depression in pregnancy and postpartum during the COVID-19 pandemic.
这项研究考察了 COVID-19 大流行期间葡萄牙女性围产期抑郁症状的轨迹，以及个体、关系和环境风险和保护因素的作用。这项 3 波纵向研究跟踪了 290 名从妊娠晚期到产后 6 个月的孕妇。女性自我报告抑郁症状、心理（焦虑、感知压力、正念）、关系（感知社会支持、夫妻关系调整、性健康）和环境（封锁状态）因素。处于严格封锁状态的女性在基线时的抑郁症状评分显著更高（EPDS 评分高 1.38 分），而非严格封锁措施的女性则较低。混合增长模型显示，抑郁症状轨迹可通过女性基线抑郁的差异来解释。女性基线抑郁的差异主要归因于较高的焦虑和较低的社会支持（处于封锁状态的女性分别为 22%和 24%；未处于封锁状态的女性分别为 39%和 6%）。针对孕妇的预防干预措施应旨在降低焦虑并增强女性的社会支持，以预防 COVID-19 大流行期间怀孕和产后的抑郁。
