De Miccolis Angelini Rita Milvia, Landi Lucia, Raguseo Celeste, Pollastro Stefania, Faretra Francesco, Romanazzi Gianfranco
Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Mar 9;13:854852. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.854852. eCollection 2022.
species are among the most devastating fungi worldwide as they cause brown rot and blossom blight on fruit trees. To understand the molecular bases of their pathogenic lifestyles, we compared the newly assembled genomes of single strains of , and , with those of and , as the closest species within . Phylogenomic analysis of orthologous proteins and syntenic investigation suggest that is closer to than , and is closest to the other investigated species. This indicates that was the earliest result of the speciation process. Distinct evolutionary profiles were observed for transposable elements (TEs). and showed older bursts of TE insertions, which were affected (mainly in ) by repeat-induced point (RIP) mutation gene silencing mechanisms. These suggested frequent occurrence of the sexual process in . More recent TE expansion linked with low RIP action was observed in , with very little in and . The detection of active non-syntenic TEs is indicative of horizontal gene transfer and has resulted in alterations in specific gene functions. Analysis of candidate effectors, biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites and carbohydrate-active enzymes, indicated that genus has multiple virulence mechanisms to infect host plants, including toxins, cell-death elicitor, putative virulence factors and cell-wall-degrading enzymes. Some species-specific pathogenic factors might explain differences in terms of host plant and organ preferences between and the other two species.
这些物种是全球最具毁灭性的真菌之一，因为它们会导致果树发生褐腐病和花腐病。为了了解其致病生活方式的分子基础，我们将新组装的单菌株、和的基因组与和的基因组进行了比较，因为和是内最接近的物种。直系同源蛋白的系统基因组分析和共线性研究表明，与相比，与更接近，并且与其他被研究的物种最接近。这表明是物种形成过程的最早结果。观察到转座元件（TEs）具有不同的进化特征。和显示出较古老的TE插入爆发，这些插入受到（主要在中）重复诱导点（RIP）突变基因沉默机制的影响。这些表明在中频繁发生有性过程。在中观察到与低RIP作用相关的较新的TE扩展，而在和中很少。活跃的非共线性TE的检测表明存在水平基因转移，并导致特定基因功能发生改变。对候选效应子、次生代谢物生物合成基因簇和碳水化合物活性酶的分析表明，属具有多种感染宿主植物的毒力机制，包括毒素、细胞死亡诱导剂、假定的毒力因子和细胞壁降解酶。一些物种特异性致病因子可能解释了与其他两个物种在宿主植物和器官偏好方面的差异。
