Hintz Nils Hendrik, Schulze Brian, Wacker Alexander, Striebel Maren
Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg Wilhelmshaven Germany.
Zoological Institute and Museum University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany.
Ecol Evol. 2022 Mar 22;12(3):e8753. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8753. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Underwater light is spatially as well as temporally variable and directly affects phytoplankton growth and competition. Here we systematically (following the guidelines of PRISMA-EcoEvo) searched and screened the published literature resulting in 640 individual articles. We mapped the conducted research for the objectives of (1) phytoplankton fundamental responses to light, (2) effects of light on the competition between phytoplankton species, and (3) effects of climate-change-induced changes in the light availability in aquatic ecosystems. Among the fundamental responses of phytoplankton to light, the effects of light intensity (quantity, as measure of total photon or energy flux) were investigated in most identified studies. The effects of the light spectrum (quality) that via species-specific light absorbance result in direct consequences on species competition emerged more recently. Complexity in competition arises due to variability and fluctuations in light which effects are sparsely investigated on community level. Predictions regarding future climate change scenarios included changes in in stratification and mixing, lake and coastal ocean darkening, UV radiation, ice melting as well as light pollution which affect the underwater light-climate. Generalization of consequences is difficult due to a high variability, interactions of consequences as well as a lack in sustained timeseries and holistic approaches. Nevertheless, our systematic literature map, and the identified articles within, provide a comprehensive overview and shall guide prospective research.
水下光在空间和时间上都是可变的，并且直接影响浮游植物的生长和竞争。在这里，我们按照PRISMA-EcoEvo指南进行了系统的文献检索和筛选，共得到640篇独立文章。我们梳理了已开展的研究，其目标包括：（1）浮游植物对光的基本响应；（2）光对浮游植物物种间竞争的影响；（3）气候变化引起的水生生态系统光可利用性变化的影响。在浮游植物对光的基本响应中，大多数已识别的研究都调查了光强（数量，以总光子或能量通量衡量）的影响。通过物种特异性光吸收对物种竞争产生直接影响的光谱（质量）效应，是最近才出现的研究方向。由于光的变异性和波动，竞争变得复杂，而其对群落水平的影响很少被研究。关于未来气候变化情景的预测包括分层和混合的变化、湖泊和沿海水域变暗、紫外线辐射、冰融化以及光污染，这些都会影响水下光气候。由于变异性高、各种影响相互作用以及缺乏持续的时间序列和整体方法，很难对其后果进行概括。尽管如此，我们的系统文献图谱以及其中识别出的文章，提供了全面的概述，并将指导未来的研究。
