Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan.
Genet Res (Camb). 2022 Mar 15;2022:9452234. doi: 10.1155/2022/9452234. eCollection 2022.
Transition nuclear proteins (TNPs), the principal proteins identified in the condensing spermatids chromatin, have been found to play a key role in histone displacement and chromatin condensation during mammalian spermatogenesis. One such gene belonging to the TNP family called gene is abundantly expressed in the regulation of spermatogenesis, and its sequence is remarkably well conserved among mammals. Genomic analysis, by sequencing and computational approach, was used to identify the novel polymorphisms and to evaluate the molecular regulation of gene expression in Sahiwal cattle breeding bulls. DNA samples were sequenced to identify novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene. Modern computational tools were used to predict putative transcription factor binding in the promoter and CpG islands in the promoter region. In the gene, four SNPs, three TATA boxes, and one CAAT box were identified. One CAAT box was discovered at 89 bp upstream of start site ATG. The computational analyses indicated that the polymorphisms inside the promoter sequence results in an added HNF-1 transcription factor binding site. In contrast, the other variations may remove the naturally occurring SRF transcription factor binding site. The CpG islands in the promoter region were predicted to be absent by the MethPrimer program before and after SNP site mutations. These findings pave the way for more research into the gene's promoter activity and the links between these SNPs and reproductive attributes in the Sahiwal breeding bulls.
过渡核蛋白（TNPs）是在浓缩精母细胞染色质中发现的主要蛋白质，它们在哺乳动物精子发生过程中组蛋白置换和染色质浓缩中起着关键作用。TNPs 家族中的一个基因称为 基因，在精子发生的调控中大量表达，其序列在哺乳动物中非常保守。通过测序和计算方法进行基因组分析，以鉴定 Sahiwal 牛种公牛中的新多态性并评估 基因表达的分子调控。对 DNA 样本进行测序以鉴定 基因中的新单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）。现代计算工具用于预测 启动子中的假定转录因子结合和 启动子区域中的 CpG 岛。在 基因中，发现了四个 SNPs、三个 TATA 盒和一个 CAAT 盒。一个 CAAT 盒位于起始位点 ATG 的上游 89bp 处。计算分析表明，启动子序列中的多态性导致增加了 HNF-1 转录因子结合位点。相比之下，其他变化可能会去除自然发生的 SRF 转录因子结合位点。MethPrimer 程序预测，在 SNP 位点突变前后， 启动子区域的 CpG 岛缺失。这些发现为进一步研究 基因的启动子活性以及这些 SNPs 与 Sahiwal 种公牛繁殖属性之间的联系铺平了道路。
