School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
School of Psychology, Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2022 Mar 31;17(3):e0265781. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265781. eCollection 2022.
Sentences can be enriched by considering what the speaker does not say but could have done, the alternative. We conducted two experiments to test whether the salience of the alternative contributes to how people derive implicatures. Participants responded true or false to underinformative categorical sentences that involved quantifiers. Target sentences were sometimes preceded by the alternative and sometimes by a control sentence. When the target was preceded by the alternative, response times to implicature responses were faster than when preceded by the control sentence. This suggests that (1) alternative salience influences higher-level reasoning (2) the cost of deriving implicatures in sentence verification paradigms is due in part to low alternative salience.
句子的含义可以通过考虑说话者没有说但本可以说的内容（即“替代”）来丰富。我们进行了两项实验来检验替代的凸显程度是否会影响人们如何推导出隐含意义。参与者需要对涉及量词的信息量不足的分类句子做出是或否的回答。目标句子有时在替代句之前，有时在控制句之前。当目标句子在替代句之前时，对隐含意义的反应时间比在控制句之前时更快。这表明：(1)替代的凸显程度会影响更高层次的推理；(2)在句子验证范式中推导隐含意义的代价部分归因于替代的凸显程度较低。
