University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Scand J Psychol. 2022 Aug;63(4):383-392. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12817. Epub 2022 Mar 31.
Strong interpersonal bonds between group members have been found to either increase intergroup antipathy or improve intergroup attitudes, depending on the intergroup situation. However, the question of whether close ties with fellow group members can contribute positively and negatively to intergroup attitudes at the same time remains unexplored. We explore this question in the context of a national group taking the example of Finns' acculturation attitudes toward immigrants. One adolescent sample (N = 401) and one adult student sample (N = 285) completed surveys assessing these factors. Across both studies, strong interpersonal bonds with fellow nationals showed a negative effect on acculturation attitudes toward immigrants via an increase in blind patriotism. At the same time, interpersonal bonds also had a direct and positive effect on attitudes toward contact with Finns and (among younger respondents only) attitudes toward cultural maintenance. Our results indicate that the strength of interpersonal bonds with fellow nationals has simultaneous and opposing associations with acculturation attitudes via a combination of direct and indirect pathways. Based on these results we argue that groups can be simultaneously both caring and moral communities.
群体成员之间的紧密关系可能会增加群体间的敌意，也可能改善群体间的态度，这取决于群体间的情况。然而，成员之间的紧密关系是否同时对群体间的态度既有积极影响又有消极影响，这一问题仍未得到探讨。我们以芬兰人对移民的文化适应态度为例，在国家群体的背景下探讨了这个问题。一项青少年样本（N=401）和一项成年学生样本（N=285）完成了评估这些因素的调查。在这两项研究中，与本国人的紧密人际关系通过增加盲目爱国主义，对移民的文化适应态度产生了负面影响。与此同时，人际关系也对与芬兰人接触的态度（仅在年轻受访者中）和文化维护的态度有直接的积极影响。我们的研究结果表明，与本国人的人际关系的强弱通过直接和间接的途径，对文化适应态度有着同时且相反的影响。基于这些结果，我们认为群体可以同时是关怀和道德的社区。
