College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jul 20;831:154869. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154869. Epub 2022 Mar 28.
Rain-fed agriculture is an important part of the global agriculture system and plays a vital role in ensuring food security. Conservation tillage (CT) is widely used in USA maize cultivation in the Mid-west Corn Belt. Meanwhile, Chinese farmers' adoption of CT is limited and plastic film mulching (PM) is widely developed to increase maize yield in northern China. This paper compared the yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) between CT and PM, and analyzed the reasons for the differences in the choice of maize cultivation practice. We collected 767 observations for CT and 217 observations for PM and analyzed how these two tillage practices affected yield. For NUE, there were 66 and 56 observations, respectively. The meta-analysis showed that PM significantly increased maize yield by 36% and NUE by 34% compared with the control, and CT significantly decreased maize yield by 5% and NUE by 15%. The effects of PM on maize yield were mainly determined by growing season precipitation (GSP) and temperature (GST). The yield response ratio was also influenced by the type of plastic film, mulching cycle, pH, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil bulk density. The negative effects of CT on yield could be alleviated under good hydrothermal conditions and with straw mulching. The yield response ratio was also affected by soil texture and N application rate. In conclusion, PM should be applied under limited hydrothermal conditions (GSP < 650 mm or GST < 23 °C), and CT was conducive to higher maize yield under good hydrothermal conditions (GSP > 650 mm or GST > 23 °C) . Besides, the average farm size was positively correlated with the CT total areas.
雨养农业是全球农业系统的重要组成部分，对确保粮食安全起着至关重要的作用。保护性耕作（CT）在美国中西部玉米带的玉米种植中得到广泛应用。与此同时，中国农民采用 CT 的比例有限，而广泛发展塑料薄膜覆盖（PM）以提高中国北方的玉米产量。本文比较了 CT 和 PM 的产量和氮素利用效率（NUE），并分析了玉米种植实践选择差异的原因。我们收集了 767 个 CT 观测值和 217 个 PM 观测值，并分析了这两种耕作方式如何影响产量。对于 NUE，分别有 66 和 56 个观测值。荟萃分析表明，与对照相比，PM 显著提高了 36%的玉米产量和 34%的 NUE，而 CT 显著降低了 5%的玉米产量和 15%的 NUE。PM 对玉米产量的影响主要取决于生长季降水（GSP）和温度（GST）。产量响应比还受塑料薄膜类型、覆盖周期、pH 值、土壤饱和导水率和土壤容重的影响。CT 对产量的负面影响可以在良好的水热条件下并通过秸秆覆盖来缓解。产量响应比还受土壤质地和施氮量的影响。总之，PM 应在水热条件有限的情况下应用（GSP <650mm 或 GST <23°C），而 CT 在水热条件良好的情况下有利于更高的玉米产量（GSP>650mm 或 GST>23°C）。此外，平均农场规模与 CT 总面积呈正相关。
