Wang Shu Lan, Wang Hao, Li Juan, Lyu Wei, Chen Ning Ning, Li Jun
College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2016 May;27(5):1530-1540. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201605.035.
In 2007-2014, a position experiment was conducted in the Weibei Highlands Region to study effects of long-term straw mulching on spring maize planted on rain fed farmlands with diffe-rent conservative tillage practice patterns, no tillage plus sub-soiling (NT/ST), sub-soiling plus deep plowing (ST/CT), deep plowing plus no tillage (CT/NT), only no tillage (NT), only sub-soiling (ST) and only deep plowing (CT), by measuring and analyzing organic carbon and nitrogen storage in 0-60 cm soil and dynamic moistures in 0-200 cm soil at the maize harvesting time as well as the yields of maize. The results showed that the soil organic carbon storage and soil nitrogen storage increased most with the NT/ST among the six conservative tillage practice patterns. Compared with the experiment results before 2007, the organic carbon storage in 0-60 cm soil increased under the six conservative tillage practice patterns and their five-year averagely increase reached 12.3%-28.3%. Compared with the organic carbon and nitrogen storage with the CT, the five-year soil organic carbon storage under the other conservative tillage practice patterns increased by 7.1%-13.2%. The five-year nitrogen storage in 0-60 cm soil under NT/ST, ST/CT and CT/NT as well as NT increased by 2.5%-7.3% compared with the corresponding soil nitrogen storage before the start of experiment. The five-year average nitrogen storage under NT/ST, ST/CT, CT/NT, NT and ST increased by 3.6%-11.1% compared with that under CT. Compared with the soil moisture under CT, the soil moistures under the other five conservative tillage patterns separately increased by 5.7%, 2.3%, 2.0%, 5.5% and 4.4%, and the soil moisture under NT/ST was the highest. The average yields of spring maize ranked in order of NT/ST>ST/CT>ST>NT>CT/NT>CT and the yield of spring maize under NT/ST was the highest and separately increased by 4.2%,13.0%,11.3%,4.7% and 13.8% compared with those under the other five conservative tillage patterns, and the average economic returns were in order of NT/ST>ST/CT>ST>NT>CT/NT>CT. Among the six conservative tillage patterns, NT/ST performed better in improving soil environment quality, soil fertility and increasing maize yield and return, so it was a conservative tillage pattern more suitable for croplands for spring maize.
2007—2014年，在渭北旱塬地区进行定位试验，研究长期秸秆覆盖对不同保护性耕作模式（免耕深松（NT/ST）、深松深耕（ST/CT）、深耕免耕（CT/NT）、单一免耕（NT）、单一深松（ST）、单一深耕（CT））雨养农田春玉米的影响，测定并分析玉米收获期0—60 cm土层有机碳和氮素储量、0—200 cm土层土壤水分动态以及玉米产量。结果表明，6种保护性耕作模式中，NT/ST处理的土壤有机碳储量和土壤氮素储量增加最多。与2007年之前的试验结果相比，6种保护性耕作模式下0—60 cm土层有机碳储量均增加，5年平均增幅达12.3%—28.3%。与CT处理的有机碳和氮素储量相比，其他保护性耕作模式下5年土壤有机碳储量增加7.1%—13.2%。与试验开始前相应土层土壤氮素储量相比，NT/ST、ST/CT、CT/NT及NT处理下0—60 cm土层5年氮素储量增加2.5%—7.3%。与CT处理相比，NT/ST、ST/CT、CT/NT、NT及ST处理5年平均氮素储量增加3.6%—11.1%。与CT处理的土壤水分相比，其他5种保护性耕作模式的土壤水分分别增加5.7%、2.3%、2.0%、5.5%和4.4%，NT/ST处理的土壤水分最高。春玉米平均产量排序为NT/ST>ST/CT>ST>NT>CT/NT>CT，NT/ST处理的春玉米产量最高，与其他5种保护性耕作模式相比，分别增产4.2%、13.0%、11.3%、4.7%和13.8%，平均经济效益排序为NT/ST>ST/CT>ST>NT>CT/NT>CT。6种保护性耕作模式中，NT/ST在改善土壤环境质量、土壤肥力及提高玉米产量和效益方面表现较好，是较适合春玉米农田的保护性耕作模式。
