Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland.
Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Jul 15;305:119235. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119235. Epub 2022 Mar 28.
Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge (SL) with plant biomass gains attention as a way to minimize SL-derived biochar drawbacks, such as high amount of toxic substances, low specific surface area and carbon content. The toxicity of soil amended with SL- (BCSL) or SL/biomass (BCSLW)-derived biochar was evaluated in long-term pot experiment (180 days). The results were compared to SL-amended soil. Biochars produced at 500, 600, or 700 °C were added to the soil (podzolic loamy sand) at a 2% (w/w) dose. Samples were collected at four different time points (at the beginning, after 30, 90 and 180 days) to assess the potential toxicity of SL-, BCSL- or BCSLW-amended soil. The bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri (luminescence inhibition - Microtox), the plant Lepidium sativum (root growth and germination inhibition test - Phytotoxkit F), and the invertebrate Folsomia candida (mortality and reproduction inhibition test - Collembolan test) were used as the test organisms. Depending on the organism tested and the sample collection time point variable results were observed. In general, SL-amended soil was more toxic than soil with biochars. The leachates from BCSLW-amended soil were more toxic to A. fischeri than leachate from BCSL-amended soil. A different tendency was observed in the case of phytotoxicity. Leachate from BCSL-amended soil was more toxic to L. sativum compared to BCSLW-amended soil. The effect of biochars on F. candida was very diversified, which did not allow a clear trend to be observed. The toxic effect of SL-, BCSL- or BCSW-amended soil to particular organisms was observed in different time, point's periods, which may suggest the different factors affecting this toxicity.
污水污泥 (SL) 与植物生物质的共热解受到关注，因为它可以最大限度地减少 SL 衍生生物炭的缺点，例如大量有毒物质、低比表面积和碳含量。在为期 180 天的长期盆栽实验中评估了添加 SL-（BCSL）或 SL/生物质（BCSLW）衍生生物炭的土壤的毒性。结果与添加 SL 的土壤进行了比较。在 500、600 或 700°C 下生产的生物炭以 2%（w/w）的剂量添加到土壤（灰化土状壤土）中。在四个不同的时间点（开始时、30 天后、90 天后和 180 天后）收集样品，以评估 SL、BCSL 或 BCSLW 改性土壤的潜在毒性。使用发光抑制的发光细菌 Aliivibrio fischeri（发光抑制 - Microtox）、植物 Lepidium sativum（根生长和发芽抑制试验 - Phytotoxkit F）和无脊椎动物 Folsomia candida（死亡率和繁殖抑制试验 - 跳虫试验）作为测试生物。根据所测试的生物和采样时间点，观察到结果不同。一般来说，添加 SL 的土壤比添加生物炭的土壤毒性更大。BCSLW 改性土壤的浸出液对 A. fischeri 的毒性比 BCSL 改性土壤的浸出液更大。在植物毒性方面观察到了不同的趋势。与 BCSLW 改性土壤相比，BCSL 改性土壤的浸出液对 L. sativum 的毒性更大。生物炭对 F. candida 的影响非常多样化，这使得无法观察到明显的趋势。在不同的时间点观察到 SL、BCSL 或 BCSW 改性土壤对特定生物的毒性效应，这可能表明影响这种毒性的因素不同。
