Department of Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland.
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jun 1;625:8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.118. Epub 2017 Dec 26.
The aim of the present study was to determine changes in the physicochemical properties and toxicity of soil amended with sewage sludge (10t/ha) or sewage sludge (10t/ha) with biochar addition (2.5, 5 or 10% of sewage sludge). The study was carried out as a field experiment over a period of 18months. Samples for analysis were taken at the beginning of the experiment as well as after 6, 12 and 18months. The study investigated toxicity of the unamended soil, sewage sludge-amended soil and sewage sludge-amended soil with biochar addition towards Folsomia candida (collembolan test) and Lepidium sativum (Phytotoxkit F). Moreover, toxicity of aqueous extracts obtained from the tested soils towards Vibrio fischeri (Microtox®) and Lepidium sativum (elongation test) was determined. The study showed that addition of biochar to the sewage sludge and soil reduced leaching of nutrients (mainly phosphorus and potassium) from the amended soil. Biochar significantly reduced sewage sludge toxicity, exhibiting a stimulating effect on the tested organisms. The stimulating effect of biochar addition to the sewage sludge persisted throughout the entire experiment. Apart from the remediatory character of biochar, this is also evidence of its fertilizing character. In the tests with L. sativum (leachates and solid phase) and V. fischeri (leachates), increasing the rate of biochar in the sewage sludge increased root growth stimulation (L. sativum) and bacteria luminescence (V. fischeri). However, increasing biochar rate decreased F. candida reproduction stimulation, which could have been an effect of reduced nutrient bioavailability due to the biochar.
本研究的目的是确定添加污水污泥（10t/ha）或添加生物炭（污水污泥的 2.5%、5%或 10%）的土壤的物理化学性质和毒性变化。该研究作为田间试验进行了 18 个月。在实验开始时以及 6、12 和 18 个月后采集了用于分析的样品。该研究调查了未改良土壤、添加污水污泥的土壤和添加生物炭的添加污水污泥的土壤对 Folsomia candida（跳虫试验）和 Lepidium sativum（Phytotoxkit F）的毒性。此外，还测定了从测试土壤中获得的水提取物对 Vibrio fischeri（Microtox®）和 Lepidium sativum（伸长试验）的毒性。研究表明，生物炭添加到污水污泥和土壤中减少了从改良土壤中淋滤的养分（主要是磷和钾）。生物炭显著降低了污水污泥的毒性，对测试生物表现出刺激作用。生物炭对污水污泥的添加刺激作用在整个实验过程中持续存在。除了生物炭的修复特性外，这也证明了其施肥特性。在使用 L. sativum（浸出液和固相）和 V. fischeri（浸出液）的测试中，随着生物炭在污水污泥中的比例增加，根生长刺激（L. sativum）和细菌发光（V. fischeri）增加。然而，随着生物炭率的增加，F. candida 繁殖刺激减少，这可能是由于生物炭降低了养分的生物利用度所致。
